College of Engineering (COE)

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Final year project (FYP)

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guide vane design for 400mm jet fan system usinf cfd tool for flow streamlining
(2010)
Mohd Zharif Mat Riffin
This thesis presents the study the design of guide vane in a jet fan system by using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool for the flow streamlining. CFD simulations have been performed with the 3D model of the jet fan system where it was tested with three different values of velocity. The model of the jet fan system was constructed in Gambit while the simulations for the model were run in FLUENT. Results obtained showed that the airflow that enters the jet fan system will be deflected by the rotating blades but the flow of the air was supposedly to be in axial direction as to maintain the performance and the efficiency of the jet fan system. Guide vane was introduced to the system as the alternative to overcome the problems. The guide vane will deflect back the deflected airflow into its initial axial direction. This can be seen from the simulations of the jet fan system model. The airflow that enter past the rotating fan blades and guide vane will intend to circulate and become turbulent flow and this need to be reduce as it will affect the flow orientation of the air. In general, the results obtained by using CFD simulation showed a reasonably good agreement with practical observations as well as with the actual applications.
11 11
Development of a database for equipment failure information system (EFIOS) for TNB Transmission
(2010)
Nurul Naim Saadah Ab.Hamid
This project is predominantly a database development based project on equipment failures in TNB Transmission. All the data about the failures of the equipment need to be recorded and analyzed in appropriate manner. This project will analyze the statistics of failures and explore the failure event of historical data. In addition, all the gathered information pertaining to the failure data can be formulated for mitigation and corrective action plans. The scope of this project is for the equipments in the transmission division of Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) which are limited to gas insulated switchgear (GIS), circuit breaker (CB), current transformer (CT), capacitive voltage transformer (CVT), power earthing and reactors. This project had gone through three main phases upon completion; research phase, design phase, and execution phase. The database management system that be used in completing this project are Microsoft SQL Server as a relational database management system, and Microsoft Visual Studio as a Graphic User Interface (GUI) Windows application. Overall, this database system is a user friendly and effective in viewing the statistics of the equipment failures. From the analysis, circuit breaker has the highest number of failures due to its reliability has a significant impact on the performance of the power system since it is the last line of defense to protect against abnormal conditions. In addition, the causes of failures for the equipment in the transmission line can be categorized in two roots of causes which are caused by nature phenomena and also caused by the system itself.
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Palm oil based polyols for polyurethane foams application
(2010)
Ooi Chun Wen
This thesis reports the study of palm based polyol for polyurethane foam application. The study consists of the general introduction of palm oil, polyurethane, polyurethane foams and its applications, epoxidation process, foaming materials, cup foaming method and effects of microwave chemistry to the chemical reaction process. Enzymatic epoxidation method and conventional chemical method were both studied in this project to derive palm based polyol from palm acid oil which is a by-product from chemical refining process of palm oil. Microwave irradiation was used to accelerate the epoxidation process and the method of using microwave irradiation was studied to optimize the speed of epoxidation process. Palm based polyol derived from palm acid oil was mixed with polyiscocyanate to produce polyurethane foam without adding any catalyst or additive. The properties of the polyurethane foam outcomes are semi-rigid, low density and brittle if the foam was let it free rise but rigid, higher density and harder if the entrapped air of the foam was removed. For improvement, the rigid polyurethane foam produced using palm acid oil can be further developed to polyurethane composite material by mixing with Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) fiber.
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Very high frequency energy harvesting system
(2010)
Mohd Khaidzir Farhan Abidin
This thesis deals with the feasibility study on the Very High Frequency Energy Harvesting System. A variety of wireless enabled sensor products have become a highly demanded products in the market today. Due to that, the advantage of transferring the energy using the VHF signal is one of the project that can upgrading the wireless technology in present. Based on the bandwidth from 30 MHz to 300 MHz, this project will focusing on how to scavenging the energy directly from the free air space as it will become the most practical and commercially used in the future. The studies consist of getting know the basic knowledge of antenna and also matching circuit network. Extensive investigations were also carried out on the simulation of both elements. The powerful and easy to use antenna simulation software, EZNEC is used to analysis tools to obtain antenna performances. Besides that, the AWR Microwave Office is being used to analysis the matching circuit network. The analysis of the results was taken to determine the future works needed on continuing the development of energy harvesting technology.
12 10
Data acquisition system for solar car monitoring
(2011)
Mohd Hafiz Ab Rahaman
Solar power research and development are driven by the desire to maximize energy consumption and efficiency. Solar car racing represents one aspect of university-level contributions to these efforts. The thesis entitled Data Acquisition System for Solar Car Monitoring aims to develop data acquisition system which will act as data traffic management or controller using motor controller on Uniten's solar car. The project consists of four parts, namely identify, design, construct and test a working data acquisition for solar car monitoring. In this project, the goal was to collect and transmit data from the sensors to the driver's display panel and to the computer located in the chase vehicle. This data will provide data about the solar car's status such as battery voltage, current, temperature and etc. The accurate data received will allow further modification or solve some problems of the solar car. This will then allow the driver to optimize his or her performance better in solar car race.
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Design and development of an improved parabolic solar concentrator to generate heat
(2011)
Muhammad Farid Ismail
This project title is Design and Development of an Improved Parabolic Solar Concentrator to Generate Heat. A parabolic solar concentrator is made of a reflective material on a parabolic shape which will concentrate sunlight onto its focal point. The heat from the focal point can then be transferred to water via heat exchanger which can then be used as hot water or generate electricity via a small turbine. For better solar concentration, the parabolic solar concentrator was built to rotate and follow the sun's movement. This project aims to design and develop an improved parabolic solar concentrator to generate heat. One of the improvements to be made on the solar concentrator which was previously developed is to design and develop a mechanism to enable the concentrator to track the movement of the sun throughout the day. Further improvements are made during the project work and explained in this thesis. In the end of this project, the parabolic solar concentrator should be managed to track the movement of the sun from the east to the west thus generates steam throughout the day.
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Improvement of cu-al bond integrity on low k pad structures
(2011)
Ooi Xin Yi
Since 1950's, Gold wire-bonding has been introduced into the field of interconnection of ICs and it becomes the main interconnection process in the semiconductor packaging industry. Gold wires are commonly used for wire-bonding and it fits well the industrial requirements. However, the price of Gold wires increasing significantly, Copper wires is a potential replacement for Gold due to their superior electrical and mechanical properties. In general, Cu-Al intermetallics have better electrical and thermal qualities than Cu-Al intermetallics. In order to incorporate Cu in the wire- bonding process, substantial data regarding aging and intermetallic formation of Cu- Al bonds is required and the results are compared with Au samples. In this study, the bond integrity and thermal aging of Cu-Al and Au-Al wire-bonds were investigated. The Copper and Gold wire-bonds samples were heat-treated at 175°C for 168, 504 and 1008 hours while at temperature of 225°C for 4.5, 13.5, 26, 52 and 97 hours respectively. The intermetallics of the wire-bonds, and in particular the Al-Cu interface, were studied. Discontinuous and non-uniform of Cu-Al intermetallics regions were found in the thermal aging samples. The thickness of Cu-Al intermetallics is growing linearly with the temperature as the diffusion rate increases in higher temperature. The Cu-Al bond is weak compare to Au-Al in accordance with aging through wire pull test.
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Water resources development and management in fiji - a case study
(2011)
Samuela Loaloa Vukicea
Watershed development and management in Fiji is an integral part of Water Resources Development and Management in Fiji and is therefore worth studying for the understanding of the basic concept behind it. A watershed, also known by the word catchment, is the whole area of land which contributes rainfall runoff to river flow at its lowest point which is the river mouth. Management is the planning and treatment to derive the most effective and equitable outcomes which benefit the large majority of individuals as well as the community as a whole. Thus the purpose of watershed management is to develop activities and practices in the watershed which improves the well being of every individual and the community as well as increasing the nation's self sufficiency, at the same time as ensuring that the well being and productivity can be sustained well in to the future. To achieve the overall purpose, watershed management aims to achieve several important objectives by determining land uses most appropriate to the watershed, commensurate with economic, social, cultural and environmental needs and implement policies to develop land appropriately. Furthermore, by determining and implementing best practices for each different land use to ensure highest productivity and sustainability. Another important objective that is also to be achieved is to protect land uses, the community and infrastructure from natural disasters and potential human-desired disaster through inappropriate development. Moreover to protect cultural and environmental values and cultural links to the land.
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Development of data acquisition system for off-grid solar charging station
(2012)
Muhammad Amirul Abu Othman
Data acquisition is a system that gathering the required value which can be read by the computer. These values will be recorded after converted from real world parameters by a process call signal sampling. A complete data acquisition system must have sensors that can convert real world parameters to digital value and for that it must have signal conditioning circuitry and analog-to-digital(ADC) converters. Programming language are needed to control the data acquisition system. Signal conditioning are important to transform electric signal from sensors into voltage value for ADC converters able to read[1]. The methodology of data acquisition system need to understand clearly before setting up the hardware such as determining the range value of sensors, type of microcontroller and so on. Able to log the required data shows that the project's objective are achieved.
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Analysis of precast industrial building system non load bearing wall
(2012)
Mohd Khuizham Abd Halim
The construction for the housing should develop a new technology to replace conventional method. Industrialized building system (IBS) is suitable method adapt to housing construction development. Pre-cast concrete framing system combined with precast non load bearing wall is an idea to apply in housing development. That study focus on design of precast non load bearing wall specific for low cost housing. All the dimensions of wall panels proposed are standardized produced by factory and suit to majority of housing. Staad pro software has been used to model and analysis wall panel during lifting support condition process. The method must consider for these three lifting support condition of wall panel with two different thicknesses. The results show the comparison thicknesses between 115mm and 200mm. Without loading applied to wall panel, the moment produced by lifting used to design wall panel. From this study, sufficient lifting points should be used to minimize over-stressing on certain areas. Sectional thickness of precast element should be increased to accommodate demoulding and handling stresses. So, proper handling techniques should be adopted to avoid cracking may have occurred during lifting process.
12 10
Optimization of injection mould design and process parameters using cae tools
(2012)
Thinesh Kumar Sitaram
This thesis present about the optimization of molding parameter effect to warpage of a simple CAD part based on plastic flow simulation software. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the parameters effect in injection molding to warpage and shrinkage of a modeled part and determine the optimization of molding parameter effect to warpage and shrinkage of the modeled part during injection molding based on plastic flow simulation software. The thesis describes the SIMPOEWORK software how to analyze the modeled part and to identify the parameter effect to warpage and shrinkage of the product. The modeled part was drawn using ProEngineer software using approximated dimensions. Then the part from ProEngineer to the SIMPOEWORK software was imported and analyzed. Make an optimization of the product from warpage and shrinkage. In this project, parameter in injection molding needs to define. The parameter includes mold temperature, melt temperature, injection time, and packing pressure. According to result from SIMPOEWORK software, even minor changes of molding parameters will give greater impact to the plastic characteristics. The comparison between the types of analysis will be made. The comparison is between the deflections, fill times, and volumetric shrinkage including air traps and weld lines. As a conclusion, changes in molding parameters will affect the warpage and shrinkage of the modeled part.
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Design and analysis of a solar power assisted driving mechanism
(2012)
Ng Boon Siang
Everyone enjoys an occasional stroll on a bicycle once in a while. For those who are adrenaline junkies, they enjoy the thrill of going up and down steep hills. Unfortunately those could be really tiring for those who aren't in a good shape but still they have the enthusiasm for an adventure, those activities could be really taxing to the body and even lethal when concentration is on the low when fatigue takes control of the body. Therefore, the need for an assisted pedaling mechanism arises to provide an additional force to lessen the pressure on the legs. What better ways to do it than using a solar assisted driving mechanism mounted on the bicycle gear system? The rising issue of eco-friendly technology these days has created awareness for all of us to think of improving everyday necessity to be more sustainable looking at the depleting resource of our mother nature. As a result, the use of renewable energy in the form of sunlight was taught to be the best alternative for this outdoor vehicle. A solar assisted driving mechanism for bicycle would be the prefect addition to the bicycle in terms of convenience and sustainability. It could also attract the general public to use it as their main mean of transportation to further promote eco-friendly technology as a way to preserve our natural resources. The purpose of this project is to design and build a solar assisted driving mechanism for bicycle. The objective of the driving mechanism is to aide the cyclist when going uphill or even just a normal stroll on flat roads by providing an extra force powered by the motor attached to the bicycle system. The motor will also use electric as the only source of power through the solar panel, which is connected to the motor. By having the photovoltaic cells transforming the light into electricity will power the motor to pump in additional torque to aide the forward movement of the bicycle. The assistance will be activated through pedaling which has a magnetic switch and microcontroller to detect the rpm of the pedal and smartly detect the voltage produced to determine when to activate the motor.
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Numerical investigation on aerodynamics of blended winglets
(2012)
Nur Atiqah Madina Makhzan
This thesis is regarding the numerical investigation of Blended winglet device. The measure of how it could improve aircraft's performance is based on the observation of lift coefficient, drag coefficient and vortex formation under standard flight cruising conditions. Analyses were conducted using computational fluid dynamics to obtain the best results. Other software such as Pro Engineer was used to aid this investigation. As reference, several other wing and winglet models were generated to be compared to the winglet of interest. Results have shown an overall improvement on the aerodynamic characteristics of wings when equipped with blended winglet. The reason why this investigation is interesting is because not much investigation had been done on Blended winglets. Only few numerical and experimental studies had been done, most were published and owned by Boeing. This study will provide substantial data to benefit the progress of winglet technology.
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Development of transmitter for SF6 gas density monitoring in gas insulated switchgear substation
(2012)
Mohd Ridzuan Mahat
Most of the GIS in TNB used for analog metering to measure the density of the gases in five or six compartments depend on type of GIS used in TNB substation. At this moment, Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) monitoring system being used by TNB is impractical. The indicator of alarm only reacts when the density of gas in the compartment of GIS is either lower or higher than a certain pre-set values, in fact the indicator just indicates the gas density is in which state either normal, low or high. Furthermore, the value of gas density is not indicated on the control room unless a personnel measure the reading at the GIS room. The project has successfully developed the transmitter and the receiver for a gas monitoring system. The gas density monitoring at GIS substation was enhanced by installing a sensor that is connected to a PC so that user can monitor the level of gas pressure continuously.
12 19
Design and implementation of total productive maintenance program for can making production line
(2012)
Mohd Aizul Azri Mohd Yusoff
Manufacturers have realized the need of continuously producing high quality product in less time to improve their production rate. However, these desires will only be kept as a dream if proper maintenance of the machinery is abandon. Many companies nowadays having these mentalities of 'don't change unless it is broken' that is known as breakdown maintenance. The breakdown maintenance may seem profitable and cost saving as the company does not have to focus on the expenses and the downtime which the company has to bear if they were to implement proper maintenance at their company. However, neglecting the maintenance will incur much more expenses on repairing the machines compared to the expenses spent on the preventive maintenance. Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) has collaborated with a can making factory named Federal Metal Printing (FMP) regarding this project. FMP is one of the leading can making factory in Malaysia but still there are room for improvements. Currently FMP is practicing mostly Breakdown Maintenance and only a few preventive maintenance and rarely did any Autonomous Maintenance. Now they need to change this situation and looking forward for preventing breakdown rather than curing them. This work is about design and implementation of a Total Productive Maintenance program to improve the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) of the can making machine. OEE is measured by the combination of three parameters which are availability, performance and quality. The TPM programs design are first designed by understanding of TPM and OEE concepts and its significance to the can making machine BM15. The next step is to educate and train the workers to give them the awareness on the importance of maintenance to their machines. Throughout the implementation of the TPM, current OEE of the BM15 is gathered. One year record of OEE at BM15 is analysed and compared to the current OEE data. The comparison will be used to identify the area of weakness of the machine, and refurbish them with extra care from the maintenance crew.
8 10
Thermodynamic analysis of cooling a human body
(2013)
Lee Wei Yang
The objective of the study is to determine the standard heat dissipation rates when performing different exercises under different ambient conditions. This is then used to calculate heat transfer rates in a human body based upon the author's own body surface area, age and other specifications like basal metabolic rates, height and weight. All kinds of ambient conditions are taken into account; like being outdoors with radiation from the sun or indoors with lesser radiation, or being in an air conditioned office with optimum convection to cool off the body and being at a still wind-less room with only free convection. The results of this study showed that optimum heat dissipation at an ambience of low temperature is mainly affected by strong forced convection followed by radiation. Likewise in an ambience of high temperature, strong forced convection will introduce faster heat gain compared to radiation. Results for evaporation of sweat from the skin is shown to be a heat dissipation mechanism that operates when the ambience is of high temperatures and helps to cool down the body but will be hindered if the surrounding humidity is high. Clothes also play an important role in the heat transfer of a human body. The amount of clothes and the type of clothes you put on will make you feel hotter or colder than the ambient temperature. The results of this study showed putting on more clothes which are thick and long will increase the clo value which will make you feel hotter than it actually is, and the opposite will happen when you have thinner and lesser clothes which decrease your clo value. This shows that clo is also somewhat like the degree of heat insulation that worn on the body. This study also discusses about several pieces of clothing for different functions and different body parts and how much clo value they each have. In this study the heat generation in the human body is also calculated by using the heat balance equation. By considering the heat from convection and radiation and heat released from respiration and sweat evaporation we can calculate the metabolic heat which is also the amount of heat required to be generated or produced to maintain the body temperature at 37°C.
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Effects of wasted polystyrene as concrete addtive
(2013)
Lingeswaran Vengu
According to the Central Pollution Control Board the world produces nearly 150 million tonnes of plastics per year, which is nearly 4.8 tonnes per second and per capita production of 25 kg/year. Due to rapid growth in concrete usage throughout the world, a better and economical material as additive is about to introduce to results good on our country, Malaysia and as well as worldwide. The aim of this project is to investigate the workability and compressive strength of concrete as polystyrene wasted as additive. Meanwhile, to obtain the optimum design mix concrete with polystyrene as additive. Additive is a component of material is added into concrete production in order to improve on concrete's properties and as well to replace currently available additive in better economic aspect. Throughout few researchers have been done, its show that polystyrene has potential to be wasted as aggregate replacement in concrete, whereas this project investigated the effects of polystyrene as additive in concrete. Concrete containing 10%, 20%, 30% wasted polystyrene from the cement content were tested and compared with control mix. There are total of 36 cubes of 100mm x 100mm is casted, each categories (0%,10%, 20% and 30%) carries three samples for average results and also for three days, seven days and twenty-eight days respectively. Based on the result obtained, better workability increase with the increment of concrete wasted polystyrene percentages. However, the compressive strength of concrete containing wasted polystyrene were lower than control mix and decreasing with increment of wasted polystyrene percentage. It can be stated that wasted polystyrene contributed towards workability enhancement, but for the addition of more than 10% possibly weaken the concrete strength.
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Solar radiation data acquisition system for development of low cost weather station
(2013)
Ibrahim Mohamed AlHadi
Nowadays the measuring of the solar radiation is getting more complicating and expensive. The national weather stations that selected in particular places does not provide an accurate measurement for the solar radiations in all locations. And the low cost weather stations invented to measure the solar radiations are not efficient because of the usage of the photoresistor (LDR), which is affected to the light not the solar radiant. Therefore this project is been designed to develop a Data Acquisition System for low cost weather station to monitor the solar radiation. The Data Acquisition System is developed using a low cost silicon type solar pyranometer sensor to capture the solar radiations, which is a directly proportional to the solar radiant, a microcontroller act as the system brain to perform the Analog-to-Digital Conversion and transmitting the collected data serially, Zigbee modules to transmit the collected data wirelessly in real time to the Personal Computer and display it neatly in Graphical User Interface developed in MATLAB. The data collected will be displayed in Watt/m2 in the GUI and in the LCD attached to the hardware circuit design. Thus by developing this generation of the low cost weather station, the solar radiation will be measured in more efficient and costless way.
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Analysis of burr during forging process in production line and set up a new step to eliminate burr at Asian Automotive Stells Sdn. Bhd
(2013)
Rafiuddin Ramly
In manufacturing process, forging process basically is a process of shaping material using compressive force which involves applying pressure by use of presses, hammers, dies or other related machinery to form the material into desired shape [1]. The project is all about process of burr elimination after forging process. Burr problem has been a major defect in the production line since the management had to implement extra process just to eliminate burr formed at the end of work piece. This major defect has caused severe problem to products which can be categorized as one of the big problem in the factory. Burr can be defined as a left over material or small edge pieces remaining attached to a particular work piece after a modification process or plastic deformation process [2]. In order to solve the problem, this project basically requires number of site visit, analyzing sample product and also number of references to be studied and referred to determine mechanisms of burr forming. Sets of trial also need to be done in order to analyze current problem and determine the best solution for related problems before implementation is done at the end of the project. Based on the observation throughout the investigation, burr problem is caused by unsuitable clearance ratio between the punch and matrix punch die used during forging process. Bigger clearance punch will cause excessive burr left while smaller clearance punch will cause less burr formed but if it is too small, it will cause the die wear off quickly. So, the author must choose the optimum clearance ratio for the punching process. Other than that, new design also being proposed to the management in order to solve the matter. Extra step need to be implemented during forging process to remove and minimize the burr forming despite eliminating current grinding process. Sets of researches and studies will be done in order determine the best possible solution for this problem.
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Design and development of multiple power assisted bicycle
(2013)
Phileas Choo Woei Yuh
Everyone enjoys the moment of cycling when riding a bicycle no matter for transport, recreation or sport purposes. For those cycling hobbyists, they enjoy the thrill of going up and down steep hills. Unfortunately, those could be tiring if they cycle for long period and are not in good shape. Therefore, the need for an assisted power mechanism for bicycle arises to provide additional force for pedalling the bicycle in order to reduce the pressure on legs. Nowadays the rising issues of eco- friendly technology and sustainable energy have created the awareness for us to think of improving everyday necessity to be more sustainable and environment-friendly. As a result, the sunlight is the best alternative renewable energy for outdoor transportation. A multiple power assisted bicycle would be the best product for transportation in terms of sustainability and convenience. It could also attract other road users to use it as their main mean of transportation to promote this "more" eco- friendly technology as a way to protect our mother nature. Therefore, this project to design and develop a multiple power assisted bicycle using solar and other mechanism such as dynamo and backup battery as optional energy source to ease the cycling process. The purpose of this project is to design and develop a multiple power assisted bicycle. The objective of this project is to assist the cyclist by providing extra force powered by the motor. The power source of the motor will come from the solar panel, backup batteries and dynamo. Design and analysis are included in order to make this project successful and meet the objectives and requirements.
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