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Synthesis of Magnetic Base Catalyst from Industrial Waste for Transesterification of Palm Oil

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dc.contributor.authorKrishnan S.G.en_US
dc.contributor.authorPua F.-L.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLim H.-H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57190370972en_US
dc.contributor.authorid36024192100en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57361566000en_US
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-29T09:41:01Z
dc.date.available2023-05-29T09:41:01Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.descriptionBiodiesel; C (programming language); Carbon dioxide; Catalyst activity; Lime; Scanning electron microscopy; Temperature programmed desorption; Transesterification; Base catalyst; Biodiesel production; Carbide lime; Carbide lime waste; Impregnation methods; Large amounts; Magnetic catalysts; Synthesised; Transesterifications; ]+ catalyst; Magnetismen_US
dc.description.abstractIndustrial waste is produced in large amounts annually; without proper planning, the waste might cause a serious threat to the environment. Hence, an industrial waste-based heterogeneous magnetic catalyst was synthesized us-ing carbide lime waste (CLW) as raw material for biodiesel production via transesterification of palm oil. The cata-lyst was successfully synthesized by the one-step impregnation method and calcination at 600 �C. The synthesized catalyst, C-CLW/?-Fe2O3, was characterized by temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide (CO2-TPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Fourier transform infrared spectros-copy (FT-IR). The catalyst has a specific surface area of 18.54 m2/g and high basicity of 3,637.20 ?mol/g. The cata-lytic performance shows that the optimum reaction conditions are 6 wt% catalyst loading, 12:1 methanol to oil mo-lar ratio with the reaction time of 3 h at 60 �C to produce 90.5% biodiesel yield. The catalyst exhibits good catalytic activity and magnetism, indicating that the CLW can be a potential raw material for catalyst preparation and ap-plication in the biodiesel industry. � 2022 Diponegoro University. All rights reserved.en_US
dc.description.natureFinalen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.9767/bcrec.17.1.12412.53-64
dc.identifier.epage64
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85129222310
dc.identifier.spage53
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85129222310&doi=10.9767%2fbcrec.17.1.12412.53-64&partnerID=40&md5=0eab0a1e27d4d8d114a52d9e6a9b9632
dc.identifier.urihttps://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/27210
dc.identifier.volume17
dc.publisherDiponegoro Universityen_US
dc.relation.ispartofAll Open Access, Gold
dc.sourceScopus
dc.sourcetitleBulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
dc.titleSynthesis of Magnetic Base Catalyst from Industrial Waste for Transesterification of Palm Oilen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication
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