Publication: Synthesis of Magnetic Base Catalyst from Industrial Waste for Transesterification of Palm Oil
Date
2022
Authors
Krishnan S.G.
Pua F.-L.
Lim H.-H.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Diponegoro University
Abstract
Industrial waste is produced in large amounts annually; without proper planning, the waste might cause a serious threat to the environment. Hence, an industrial waste-based heterogeneous magnetic catalyst was synthesized us-ing carbide lime waste (CLW) as raw material for biodiesel production via transesterification of palm oil. The cata-lyst was successfully synthesized by the one-step impregnation method and calcination at 600 �C. The synthesized catalyst, C-CLW/?-Fe2O3, was characterized by temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide (CO2-TPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Fourier transform infrared spectros-copy (FT-IR). The catalyst has a specific surface area of 18.54 m2/g and high basicity of 3,637.20 ?mol/g. The cata-lytic performance shows that the optimum reaction conditions are 6 wt% catalyst loading, 12:1 methanol to oil mo-lar ratio with the reaction time of 3 h at 60 �C to produce 90.5% biodiesel yield. The catalyst exhibits good catalytic activity and magnetism, indicating that the CLW can be a potential raw material for catalyst preparation and ap-plication in the biodiesel industry. � 2022 Diponegoro University. All rights reserved.
Description
Biodiesel; C (programming language); Carbon dioxide; Catalyst activity; Lime; Scanning electron microscopy; Temperature programmed desorption; Transesterification; Base catalyst; Biodiesel production; Carbide lime; Carbide lime waste; Impregnation methods; Large amounts; Magnetic catalysts; Synthesised; Transesterifications; ]+ catalyst; Magnetism