COGS Thesis and Dissertations

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https://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/10212

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Development of velocity emprical equation for fluid -suspended particles in ogee dam spillway using discrete phase method
(2025-03-05)
Nazirul Mubin Zahari
Computational fluid dynamics modelling is being studied and could become a standalone hydraulic system design modelling tool in the future, in addition to comparing other design methodologies. Fluid-suspended particle flows can lead to abrasive problems. High flow in the spillway discharge area makes it difficult to observe silt and sand particle sizes flowing at ogee dam spillway surface. The main objective of these studies is to identify a fluid -suspended particle velocity profile at a particular segment of the ogee dam spillway and develop a fluid-suspended particle empirical equation. It is important to know which segment has a crucial velocity profile that impacts the spillway. At certain points of ogee dam spillway face, a variety of fluid and suspended particle-fluid behaviours on the ogee dam spillway's structure. A numerical modelling framework was used to simulate the spillway flow, and a discrete phase model was used to calculate the trajectory of fluid-suspended particle velocity in the flowing state. The methodology that approaches the structure integrity of the dam spillway was modelled using Fluid-structure interaction. A particle image velocimetry experiment was conducted to test the simulation result using a scaled-down dam spillway model. The percentage error between simulation and experimental data is equal to or less than 10 percent, indicating that the full-scale numerical model was acceptable. The highest fluid was recorded is 2.15 m/s and highest particle velocity is 2.37 m/s. An input from a certain parameter, i.e., height, initial velocity, particle density, and particle size, was considered to develop an empirical fluid-suspended particle equation. An input from a parameter, i.e., height of spillway, initial velocity, particle density, and particle size was considered. Findings on structural integrity shows of the maximum stress deformation values under the maximum stress is 0.886 Mpa shows that lower value compare to maximum stress which is 33 Mpa of the spillway structure for each of the three cases. Most of the highest inlet velocity occurs on case 3 (1.5 m/s inlet), has the highest values of the cases. It proves that water velocity has significant low impact to the structural element. Monitoring the deformation and stress spillways is essential to preventing further severe occurrences. In general, this study gave critical insights into the fluid-suspended particle flow profile in spillway structures, which would be important for future dam reliability assessment.
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Development of wireless data acquisiton system using LoRa technology for construction of PID control system
(2025-03-05)
Al Sayed Noor Mohamed A Jassem
One essential modern applied achievement is integrating Operational Technology (OT) and Informational Technology (IT). The two technologies are harmonized to obtain available and easy-to-access systems away from complex, limited, and monopolistic protocols. In this work, the integration of OT and IT technologies using a sort of Internet of Things (IoT) protocol (Long Range (LoRa)) to create accessible and flexible systems is of utmost importance. OT and IT are combined to move away from complex, limited, and monopolistic protocols. One of the critical problems in the automation systems is the wiring system, which represents a significant challenge in the installation, maintenance, and scalability. Meanwhile, the wiring system requires more devices for the matter of extension. Furthermore, there is the possibility that the operation will be interrupted due to any wiring failure. In this study, several objectives are targeted. The evelopment of a wireless data acquisition system was targeted to eliminate the impact of wiring systems on automation processes, in addition to constructing a control system using an algorithmic Proportional-Integral-Derivative PID system to study and compare the performance of wireless PID according to the conventional control system. The wireless data acquisition system allows for converting physical quantity sensor signals and their reflection to appropriate actuators using a process control algorithm within the IoT environment. Since OT relies on closed protocols, wireless data transmission is crucial for quality transmission and cost reduction in wiring. One of these benefits is the use of open–source systems, and the Arduino family, supervised by the LoRa protocol, was selected for this project. In this dissertation, the data acquisition system was implemented using the Internet of Things techniques in favor of essential work done by the traditional controller (PID). The LoRa technique was utilized to bring the field data because of the ability to maintain the data features and the flexibility and simplicity that is so close to traditional systems, resulting in wiring and previous protocols. The methodology for achieving the designed system was constructed of three main steps. The first step is to bring field data and apply the required signal processing for suitable signal conditioning. The second step is applying the communication media to transmit and receive the signals. The third is preparing the PID control system to eliminate the time delay because of the signal processing electronic circuits and communication system and the handling of the process disturbances accordingly. The findings were classified into three sets of classes; the first is a calculation of time delay occurring through the system components operation, and the second is the drawing of controller responses for the wireless PID system and comparing them according to the conventional controller performance. Through the obtained findings, the critical conclusion was that the wireless system performance is close to the performance of traditional controllers because of the high speed that LoRa works with through the operation of signal transmitting. The time delay of the microcontroller used in the test bed can be compensated with another high-speed microcontroller, such as Raspberry Pi or an equivalent.
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Enhancement of cloud human resource management framework for healthcare sectors
(2025-03-05)
Shaymaa Rashid Hassoon
Text, music, pictures, animation, and video streaming are all part of cloud human resource management. Local intranet or extranet, web-based learning, and technology apps and processes are all involved in it. The purpose of this study is to identify the impacts of cloud human resource management (CHRM) on organizational growth in Iraqi healthcare sectors and to propose a conceptual framework for its implementation. This thesis’s purview is also constrained to healthcare institutions. However, the research remains susceptible to the subjective perspective of IT administrators in Iraq. This study examines the theories and resources that Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) used to analyse the potential for cloud HRM adoption in the healthcare sector and to define potential future variables that might have an impact on usability. Both usability and the Technology-Organization Environment (TOE) framework have been discussed in this study. The results indicate that the average scores of the respondents are high in terms of compatibility, complexity, cost savings, and security and privacy. Specifically, the mean scores are 89.436%, 86.564%, 89.026%, 89.026%, and 91.28%, accordingly. Additionally, the results show the mean scores of respondents in relation to IT infrastructure, top management support, and quality systems and services, which are 89.02%, 92.51%, and 88%, respectively. Furthermore, it shows the mean ratings of the respondents for reliability, availability, confidentiality, and trust, which are 88.33%, 89.23%, and 93.07, respectively. All factor scores are excellent. Finally, the respondents scored 89.13 for usability, which is an excellent rating. However, this model worked well to predict usability (the dependent variable) using the independent factors. Since Iraq has a severe shortage of IT specialists and problems with the IT infrastructure in addition to other technical issues, as mentioned in the research problem, the researcher noticed that users could be categorised according to the potential benefits of adoption, particularly the technological background. The method described above incorporates TOE and usability, a crucial and innovative approach in Cloud computing-related research
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Improved energy management strategy for an autonomous microgrid considering battery and partial shutdown using optimization techniques
(2025-03-05)
Haider Jouma Touma
The intermittency of energy generation from renewable energy sources like solar and wind can result in the total output energy of solar Photovoltaics (PV) and Wind Turbines (WTs) exceeding the load demand. The excess energy is stored in Battery Energy Storage (BES). However, if the BES becomes fully charged, the surplus energy is dissipated via dump load to protect the BES against overcharging. One of the predominant energy management strategies (EMS) for the autonomous microgrid in the previous literature is the common rule-based EMS which often results in a significant wasted energy and requires a considerable size of dump load. Therefore, this research proposes and develops an Improved Rule-Based Energy Management System (IRB-EMS) for the autonomous microgrid, considering complementary BES and partial shutdown of WTs. The partial shutdown of WTs curbs the excess energy and as a result the wasted energy and the size of the required dump load are remarkably reduced. The complementary BES increases the entire storage capacity, hence, the Power Supply Deficiency (PSD) is noticeably reduced. Moreover, the running time of the Diesel Generator (DG) is considerably reduced, leading to a substantial decrease in fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) and Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) were implemented in Matlab to optimize the generation size of the autonomous microgrid. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed IRB-EMS, two cases of autonomous microgrids were investigated. The obtained results indicate that the proposed IRB-EMS is more feasible than the common rule-based EMS. In the first case, the proposed IRB-EMS achieved a more affordable Cost of Electricity (COE) with a value of 0.249 USD/kWh, compared to 0.287 USD/kWh for the common rule-based EMS. From a reliability perspective, the proposed IRB-EMS significantly improved the PSD to 15.1%, compared to 27.15% for the common rule-based EMS. Looking at it from an environmental standpoint, the CO2 emissions of the DG were significantly reduced to 9746.88 kg/year with the proposed IRB-EMS, as opposed to 13967.36 kg/year with the common rule-based EMS. The maximum wasted energy was reduced to 50.96 kWh with the proposed IRB-EMS, while it was 86.68 kWh with the common rule-based EMS. It's worth mentioning that similar improvements were achieved for the second case.
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Intellectual capital efficiency and firm performance in Jordan: the moderating role of board characteristics
(2025-03-05)
Rawan A.A.Jos
The prevailing consensus in the fields of management and accounting literature is that intellectual capital (IC) has supplanted physical assets as the primary driver of competitive advantage. Therefore, the management of IC has emerged as a significant focal point for managers seeking to improve firm performance (FP). This research aims to examine the impact of intellectual capital components on firm performance and the influence of the moderating role of board characteristics on the said relationship. The board characteristics (BC) in Jordanian companies are crucial as they significantly impact the relationship between intellectual capital efficiency and firm performance, given their role in strategic decision-making, resource allocation, risk management, and stakeholder accountability within the unique economic and regulatory context of Jordan. The hypotheses are tested using STATA 15.2 software for a sample of 92 Jordanian service and industrial listed firms from 2014 to 2018. The examination covered a period of five years and contained the observations on 460 companies. Intellectual capital is measured using the extended and modified value added (VA) intellectual coefficient model (VAIC). The components of intellectual capital examined include human, structural, relational, employed, and innovative capital. Consequently, the evaluation method employed for assessing firm performance is accounting-based, involving metrics like return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and earnings per share (EPS). In contrast, the gauge used to measure performance from a market-based perspective is Tobin's Q. The results of this study indicate that the components of intellectual capital efficiency have a considerable impact on firm performance, while structural capital efficiency has an insignificant effect on firm performance. There also exists a statistically significant link between human capital, employed capital, innovation, and relational capital with firm performance. It was observed that board characteristics demonstrate a moderating role on the association between intellectual capital efficiency and firm performance. This study provides various theoretical and practical perspectives on intellectual capital efficiency, firm performance, and board characteristics. Theoretically, this study is consistent with the Resource-Based View and Agency Theory. Practically, this study is expected to provide managers with guidelines for service, and industrial firms to continue improving the components of intellectual capital, particularly by investing more in employee competencies and capabilities as well as training programmers to achieve competitive advantage and ensure continued success in the future. The findings of this study also have important implications for stakeholders including investors, policymakers, researchers, and regulators. Specifically, these implications pertain to making more informed investment decisions in the capital market and improving the overall performance of firms.
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