Publication: Energy Management System for Grid-Connected Nanogrid during COVID-19
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Date
2022
Authors
Jamal S.
Pasupuleti J.
Rahmat N.A.
Tan N.M.L.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
MDPI
Abstract
An effective energy management system (EMS) was designed based on the Stateflow (SF) approach for a grid-connected nanogrid (NG) composed of a photovoltaic (PV) array with a battery bank and supercapacitor (SC) energy storage system (ESS). The PV energy system, battery bank and SC (ESS), dual active bridge DC/DC converters, DC/AC inverters, control algorithms, and controllers were developed to test the operation of the NG. The average and high-frequency power components are separated using frequency division of the ESS power utilizing a low-pass filter; the average power is absorbed by the battery bank, while the high-frequency power is absorbed by the SC. The aim of this paper is to design an EMS to manage the energy of a grid-connected NG system considering the availability of the PV array, ESS, and demand requirements. Different scenarios of operation were tested to check the EMS behaviour during the day with a random demand profile, including: (1) a PV array with the grid supplying the load without an EMS; (2) a PV array, batteries, and the grid supplying the load with an EMS; (3) a PV array, batteries, an SC, and the grid supplying the load with an EMS; (4) a PV array, batteries, an SC, and the grid supplying the load with an EMS, with load profile reduction by 20% due to COVID-19. As per the simulation results, the proposed EMS enables the flow of power in the NG system and demonstrates the impact on the ESS by minimising carbon emissions via a reduction in grid consumption. Furthermore, the SF method is regarded as a helpful alternative to popular design approaches employing conventional software tools. � 2022 by the authors.
Description
Computer aided software engineering; DC-DC converters; Electric batteries; Electric inverters; Electric power transmission networks; Energy management; Energy storage; Low pass filters; Battery banks; Energy storage system; Grid-connected; High frequency power; Nanogrids; Photovoltaic arrays; Photovoltaics; STATEFLOW; Storage systems; Supercapacitor energy storages; Energy management systems