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Ecological risk indicators for leached heavy metals from coal ash generated at a malaysian power plant

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dc.citedby1
dc.contributor.authorAbd Manan T.S.B.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBeddu S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMohd Kamal N.L.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMohamad D.en_US
dc.contributor.authorItam Z.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKhan T.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMachmudah A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorDutykh D.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMohtar W.H.M.W.en_US
dc.contributor.authorJusoh H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorNazri F.M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorYapandi M.F.K.M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorPati S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAhmad A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorRasdi N.W.en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57219650719en_US
dc.contributor.authorid55812080500en_US
dc.contributor.authorid56239107300en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57200335404en_US
dc.contributor.authorid55102723400en_US
dc.contributor.authorid54991181500en_US
dc.contributor.authorid36442829100en_US
dc.contributor.authorid15020183900en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57215829072en_US
dc.contributor.authorid54779965400en_US
dc.contributor.authorid55195912500en_US
dc.contributor.authorid54797442400en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57405230600en_US
dc.contributor.authorid6506760282en_US
dc.contributor.authorid56446926400en_US
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-29T09:06:04Z
dc.date.available2023-05-29T09:06:04Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.descriptionash; ecological approach; heavy metal; leaching; power plant; risk assessment; toxicity; Malaysia; Indicator indicatoren_US
dc.description.abstractThe application of coal ash (CA) in construction industries has grown rapidly, posing risk to the environment due to heavy metals leaching from the material. This research presents a simulation of ecological risk assessment and model risk indicators (ERI) of leached heavy metals (lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and arsenic (As)) from CA (FA: fly ash and BA: bottom ash) via response surface methodology (RSM). The ERI values were based on quantified leached heavy metals from the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP-1311) and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP-1312). The ecological risk index (RI ) values for TCLP were 10.27 � 100 (FA), 9.91 � 100 (BA) and 12.58 � 100 (FA + BA); whereas RI for SPLP were 10.34 � 100 (FA), 9.90 � 100 (BA) and 12.61 � 100 (FA + BA). Twenty-nine combinations of operations were evaluated based on Box-Behnken design with ERI as the response variable. The established model risk indicator (i.e., coded and actual factors) of Pb, Cu, Zn and �As� showed significant model terms that describe their relationship very well, perfectly fit to the corresponding ERI (sum of squares = 0.4160, F value = 682,375.55) with probability of 0.01% for an F-value could occur due to noise. The optimized models were validated with error percentage of less than 5%. The established ERI models showed significant model terms and will be useful for ecological monitoring of CA application in construction industries. � 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.en_US
dc.description.natureFinalen_US
dc.identifier.ArtNo10222
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/su131810222
dc.identifier.issue18
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85114858763
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85114858763&doi=10.3390%2fsu131810222&partnerID=40&md5=6f16e97d1dc3d461dddd8e1ae8618ad1
dc.identifier.urihttps://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/26013
dc.identifier.volume13
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.relation.ispartofAll Open Access, Gold
dc.sourceScopus
dc.sourcetitleSustainability (Switzerland)
dc.titleEcological risk indicators for leached heavy metals from coal ash generated at a malaysian power planten_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication
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