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An Approach for the Optimization of Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of Hybrid (Graphene Nanoplatelets, GNPs: Cellulose Nanocrystal, CNC) Nanofluids Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

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dc.citedby6
dc.contributor.authorYaw C.T.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKoh S.P.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSandhya M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorRamasamy D.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKadirgama K.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBenedict F.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAli K.en_US
dc.contributor.authorTiong S.K.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAbdalla A.N.en_US
dc.contributor.authorChong K.H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorid36560884300en_US
dc.contributor.authorid22951210700en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57211782885en_US
dc.contributor.authorid26325891500en_US
dc.contributor.authorid12761486500en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57194591957en_US
dc.contributor.authorid36130958600en_US
dc.contributor.authorid15128307800en_US
dc.contributor.authorid25646071000en_US
dc.contributor.authorid36994481200en_US
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-14T03:18:15Z
dc.date.available2024-10-14T03:18:15Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractResponse surface methodology (RSM) is used in this study to optimize the thermal characteristics of single graphene nanoplatelets and hybrid nanofluids utilizing the miscellaneous design model. The nanofluids comprise graphene nanoplatelets and graphene nanoplatelets/cellulose nanocrystal nanoparticles in the base fluid of ethylene glycol and water (60:40). Using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) and mini tab 20 standard statistical software, the impact of temperature, volume concentration, and type of nanofluid is used to construct an empirical mathematical formula. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is applied to determine that the developed empirical mathematical analysis is relevant. For the purpose of developing the equations, 32 experiments are conducted for second-order polynomial to the specified outputs such as thermal conductivity and viscosity. Predicted estimates and the experimental data are found to be in reasonable arrangement. In additional words, the models could expect more than 85% of thermal conductivity and viscosity fluctuations of the nanofluid, indicating that the model is accurate. Optimal thermal conductivity and viscosity values are 0.4962 W/m-K and 2.6191 cP, respectively, from the results of the optimization plot. The critical parameters are 50 �C, 0.0254%, and the category factorial is GNP/CNC, and the relevant parameters are volume concentration, temperature, and kind of nanofluid. From the results plot, the composite is 0.8371. The validation results of the model during testing indicate the capability of predicting the optimal experimental conditions. � 2023 by the authors.en_US
dc.description.natureFinalen_US
dc.identifier.ArtNo1596
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/nano13101596
dc.identifier.issue10
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85160574875
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85160574875&doi=10.3390%2fnano13101596&partnerID=40&md5=0e60639c58131138f5353e476a865c29
dc.identifier.urihttps://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/34169
dc.identifier.volume13
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.relation.ispartofAll Open Access
dc.relation.ispartofGold Open Access
dc.sourceScopus
dc.sourcetitleNanomaterials
dc.subjectcentral composite design
dc.subjectCNC
dc.subjectcoefficients
dc.subjectcorrelation
dc.subjectenergy
dc.subjectglycol-based graphene nanoplatelets
dc.subjectheat transfer
dc.subjecthybrid nanofluid
dc.subjectresponse surface methodology
dc.titleAn Approach for the Optimization of Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of Hybrid (Graphene Nanoplatelets, GNPs: Cellulose Nanocrystal, CNC) Nanofluids Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication
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