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A comparative study on characteristics of composite (Cr3C2-NiCr) clad developed through diode laser and microwave energy

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dc.citedby3
dc.contributor.authorHebbale A.M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKumar M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSoudagar M.E.M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAhamad T.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKalam M.A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMubarak N.M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAlfantazi A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKhalid M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorid56964983400en_US
dc.contributor.authorid59174678700en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57194384501en_US
dc.contributor.authorid12790015800en_US
dc.contributor.authorid55103352400en_US
dc.contributor.authorid36634677600en_US
dc.contributor.authorid7003739667en_US
dc.contributor.authorid36945624700en_US
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-14T03:17:21Z
dc.date.available2024-10-14T03:17:21Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractA typical ferrite/martensitic heat-resistant steel (T91) is widely used in reheaters, superheaters and power stations. Cr3C2-NiCr-based composite coatings are known for wear-resistant coatings at elevated temperature applications. The current work compares the microstructural studies of 75 wt% Cr3C2- 25 wt% NiCr-based composite clads developed through laser and microwave energy on a T91 steel substrate. The developed clads of both processes were characterized through a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) attached with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and assessment of Vickers microhardness. The Cr3C2-NiCr based clads of both processes revealed better metallurgical bonding with the chosen substrate. The microstructure of the developed laser clad shows a distinctive dense solidified structure, with a rich Ni phase occupying interdendritic spaces. In the case of microwave clad, the hard chromium carbide particles consistently dispersed within the soft nickel matrix. EDS study evidenced that the cell boundaries are lined with chromium where Fe and Ni were found inside the cells. The X-ray phase analysis of both the processes evidenced the common presence of phases like chromium carbides (Cr7C3, Cr3C2, Cr23C6), Iron Nickel (FeNi3) and chromium-nickel (Cr3Ni2, CrNi), despite these phases iron carbides (Fe7C3) are observed in the developed microwave clads. The homogeneous distributions of such carbides in the developed clad structure of both processes indicated higher hardness. The typical microhardness of the laser-clad (1142 � 65HV) was about 22% higher than the microwave clad (940 � 42 HV). Using a ball-on-plate test, the study analyzed microwave and laser-clad samples' wear behavior. Laser-cladding samples showed superior wear resistance due to hard carbide elements. At the same time, microwave-clad samples experienced more surface damage and material loss due to micro-cutting, loosening, and fatigue-induced fracture. � 2023, The Author(s).en_US
dc.description.natureFinalen_US
dc.identifier.ArtNo10778
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/s41598-023-37991-4
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85164013425
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85164013425&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-023-37991-4&partnerID=40&md5=c365ab895060dc8c8da22296334a6857
dc.identifier.urihttps://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/33861
dc.identifier.volume13
dc.publisherNature Researchen_US
dc.relation.ispartofAll Open Access
dc.relation.ispartofGold Open Access
dc.sourceScopus
dc.sourcetitleScientific Reports
dc.titleA comparative study on characteristics of composite (Cr3C2-NiCr) clad developed through diode laser and microwave energyen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication
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