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Complex extreme sea levels prediction analysis: Karachi coast case study

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dc.citedby7
dc.contributor.authorKhan F.A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAli Khan T.M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAhmed A.N.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAfan H.A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSherif M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSefelnasr A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorEl-Shafie A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57193622378en_US
dc.contributor.authorid6602647568en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57214837520en_US
dc.contributor.authorid56436626600en_US
dc.contributor.authorid7005414714en_US
dc.contributor.authorid6505592467en_US
dc.contributor.authorid16068189400en_US
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-29T08:10:12Z
dc.date.available2023-05-29T08:10:12Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description.abstractIn this study, the analysis of the extreme sea level was carried out by using 10 years (2007-2016) of hourly tide gauge data of Karachi port station along the Pakistan coast. Observations revealed that the magnitudes of the tides usually exceeded the storm surges at this station. The main observation for this duration and the subsequent analysis showed that in June 2007 a tropical Cyclone "Yemyin" hit the Pakistan coast. The joint probability method (JPM) and the annual maximum method (AMM) were used for statistical analysis to find out the return periods of different extreme sea levels. According to the achieved results, the AMM and JPM methods erre compatible with each other for the Karachi coast and remained well within the range of 95% confidence. For the JPM method, the highest astronomical tide (HAT) of the Karachi coast was considered as the threshold and the sea levels above it were considered extreme sea levels. The 10 annual observed sea level maxima, in the recent past, showed an increasing trend for extreme sea levels. In the study period, the increment rates of 3.6 mm/year and 2.1 mm/year were observed for mean sea level and extreme sea level, respectively, along the Karachi coast. Tidal analysis, for the Karachi tide gauge data, showed less dependency of the extreme sea levels on the non-tidal residuals. By applying the Merrifield criteria of mean annual maximum water level ratio, it was found that the Karachi coast was tidally dominated and the non-tidal residual contribution was just 10%. The examination of the highest water level event (13 June 2014) during the study period, further favored the tidal dominance as compared to the non-tidal component along the Karachi coast. � 2020 by the authors.en_US
dc.description.natureFinalen_US
dc.identifier.ArtNo549
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/E22050549
dc.identifier.issue5
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85085688826
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085688826&doi=10.3390%2fE22050549&partnerID=40&md5=b1ffe4c1f1b2d4454294f9908b97d0f8
dc.identifier.urihttps://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/25500
dc.identifier.volume22
dc.publisherMDPI AGen_US
dc.relation.ispartofAll Open Access, Gold, Green
dc.sourceScopus
dc.sourcetitleEntropy
dc.titleComplex extreme sea levels prediction analysis: Karachi coast case studyen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication
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