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Sustainable Water Management for Small Farmers with Center-Pivot Irrigation: A Hydraulic and Structural Design Perspective

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dc.citedby3
dc.contributor.authorRashid M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorHaider S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMasood M.U.en_US
dc.contributor.authorPande C.B.en_US
dc.contributor.authorTolche A.D.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAlshehri F.en_US
dc.contributor.authorCostache R.en_US
dc.contributor.authorElkhrachy I.en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57226273127en_US
dc.contributor.authorid58188293400en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57062195300en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57193547008en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57198446685en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57224683617en_US
dc.contributor.authorid55888132500en_US
dc.contributor.authorid55481426800en_US
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-14T03:17:27Z
dc.date.available2024-10-14T03:17:27Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractIn Pakistan, surface water supply for irrigation is decreasing, while water demand is increasing for agriculture production. Also, due to the fast rate of population growth, land holding capacity is decreasing. So, there is a need to develop appropriate technologies and design approaches for small-scale farmers to improve modern irrigation practices. In this study, a hydraulic and structural layout of CPIS was designed for small-scale farmers with some modifications. The hydraulic parameters and structural design of the CPIS were designed using IrriExpress and SAP2000 software, respectively. An economic analysis of the modified CPIS was carried out. The results revealed that in one complete revolution of the whole system, its span slope varied from 2.98 to 0.1%, and the wheel slope varied from 2.35 to ?2.4%. The timing setting was 60% for one revolution, and the irrigation depth was 10 mm. When the time setting was reduced from 100% to 10%, the irrigation hours per cycle and irrigation depth both increased. Variendeel type-II trusses were designed for structural purposes using SAP2000 software. This design led to a 17% reduction in weight by lowering it from 1.916 to 1.5905 tons and a 44% reduction in joint count, decreasing it from 32 to 18. Our economic analysis revealed that the structural part of the system is more expensive than the hydraulic, electric and power parts for small-scale design. So, it was suggested that CPIS is suitable for land holdings from 100 to 250 acres, because when the area increases to more than 250 acres, there is no significant change in the cost. A towable system is more economical for small-scale farmers due to its lower cost per acre. This study will be helpful for the optimization of CPISs to improve water use efficiency and crop yield. � 2023 by the authors.en_US
dc.description.natureFinalen_US
dc.identifier.ArtNo16390
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/su152316390
dc.identifier.issue23
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85180496811
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85180496811&doi=10.3390%2fsu152316390&partnerID=40&md5=aa3d71a6388d2198c551f31ae01e11e5
dc.identifier.urihttps://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/33926
dc.identifier.volume15
dc.publisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)en_US
dc.relation.ispartofAll Open Access
dc.relation.ispartofGold Open Access
dc.sourceScopus
dc.sourcetitleSustainability (Switzerland)
dc.subjectcost estimation
dc.subjectCPIS
dc.subjectHEIS
dc.subjecthydraulic
dc.subjectIrriExpress
dc.subjectSAP2000
dc.subjectsmall-scale farmers
dc.subjectstructural
dc.subjectPakistan
dc.subjectcost analysis
dc.subjectcrop yield
dc.subjecteconomic analysis
dc.subjectirrigation
dc.subjectoptimization
dc.subjectsustainability
dc.subjectwater demand
dc.subjectwater management
dc.subjectwater supply
dc.subjectwater use efficiency
dc.titleSustainable Water Management for Small Farmers with Center-Pivot Irrigation: A Hydraulic and Structural Design Perspectiveen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication
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