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A Hybrid Ultrasonic Membrane Anaerobic System (UMAS) Development for Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment

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dc.citedby3
dc.contributor.authorAbdurahman N.H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorRosli Y.M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAzhari N.H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorHayder G.en_US
dc.contributor.authorNorasyikin I.en_US
dc.contributor.authorid36469724500en_US
dc.contributor.authorid59158422900en_US
dc.contributor.authorid56809546600en_US
dc.contributor.authorid56239664100en_US
dc.contributor.authorid58554444800en_US
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-14T03:17:47Z
dc.date.available2024-10-14T03:17:47Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractThe high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) levels in palm oil mill effluent (POME) wastewater make it an environmental contaminant. Moreover, conventional POME wastewater treatment approaches pose economic and environmental risks. The present study employed an ultrasonic membrane anaerobic system (UMAS) to treat POME. Resultantly, six steady states were procured when a kinetic assessment involving 11,800�21,700 mg�L?1 of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and 9800�16,800 mg�L?1 of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) was conducted. The POME treatment kinetics were explained with kinetic equations derived by Monod, Contois and Chen and Hashimoto for organic at loading rates within the 1�11 kg�COD�m?3�d?1 range. The UMAS proposed successfully removed 96.6�98.4% COD with a 7.5 day hydraulic retention time. The Y value was 0.67 g�VSS/g�COD, while the specific micro-organism decay rate, b was 0.24 day?1. Methane (CH4) gas production ranged from 0.24 to 0.59 litres per gram of COD daily. Once the initial steady state was achieved, the incoming COD concentrations increased to 88,100 mg�L?1. The three kinetic models recorded a minimum calculated solids retention time of 12.1 days with maximum substrate utilization rate, K values ranging from 0.340 to 0.527 COD�g?1�VSS�d?1 and maximum specific growth rate, �max from 0.248 to 0.474 d?1. Furthermore, the solids retention time (SRT) was reduced from 500 to 12.1 days, resulting in a 98.4% COD level reduction to 1400 mg�L?1. � 2023 by the authors.en_US
dc.description.natureFinalen_US
dc.identifier.ArtNo2477
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/pr11082477
dc.identifier.issue8
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85169099900
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85169099900&doi=10.3390%2fpr11082477&partnerID=40&md5=ddca3b2a52615b2ea09e848abe892c38
dc.identifier.urihttps://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/34054
dc.identifier.volume11
dc.publisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)en_US
dc.relation.ispartofAll Open Access
dc.relation.ispartofGold Open Access
dc.sourceScopus
dc.sourcetitleProcesses
dc.subjectanaerobic
dc.subjectCOD removal
dc.subjectkinetics equations
dc.subjectmembrane
dc.subjectPOME
dc.subjectultrasonic
dc.subjectBiochemical oxygen demand
dc.subjectDecay (organic)
dc.subjectEffluent treatment
dc.subjectEffluents
dc.subjectKinetic energy
dc.subjectKinetic theory
dc.subjectKinetics
dc.subjectOil shale
dc.subjectOxygen
dc.subjectPalm oil
dc.subjectWastewater treatment
dc.subjectAnaerobic systems
dc.subjectAnaerobics
dc.subjectChemical oxygen demand removals
dc.subjectChemical-oxygen demands
dc.subjectEnvironmental contaminant
dc.subjectKinetic equations
dc.subjectPalm oil mill effluents
dc.subjectSolid retention time
dc.subjectSteady state
dc.subjectSystem development
dc.subjectIntegral equations
dc.titleA Hybrid Ultrasonic Membrane Anaerobic System (UMAS) Development for Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatmenten_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication
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