Publication: Optimal algorithms for the charge equalisation controller of series connected lithium-ion battery cells in electric vehicle applications
Date
2017
Authors
Hoque M.M.
Hannan M.A.
Mohamed A.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Institution of Engineering and Technology
Abstract
A charge equalisation controller (CEC) was developed for continuously monitoring individual battery cells and equalising the charge or voltage levels of all cells in a series pack. A charge equalisation control algorithm was developed to equalise undercharged, overcharged, and unprotected cells through the use of a bidirectional fly-back converter. The equalisation involves charging and discharging by employing constant current�constant voltage and discontinuous current mode proportional�integral (PI) control techniques. Particle swarm optimisation is applied to optimising the PI controller parameters that generate the regulated pulse width modulation switching signal for the converter. A CEC model was applied to 90 lithium-ion battery cells (nominally 15.5 Ah and 3.7 V each) connected in series. The results showed that the developed CEC model performed well at equalising both undercharged and overcharged cells with ?92% efficiency and equalised every cell within the safe operation range of 3.73�3.87 V. The developed system realises excellent equalisation speed, a simple design and efficiency with low power loss. Thus, the CEC model has great potential for implementation in real-world electric vehicle energy storage systems. � The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2017.
Description
Charging (batteries); Controllers; Electric batteries; Electric machine control; Electric vehicles; Equalizers; Optimization; Particle swarm optimization (PSO); Secondary batteries; Voltage control; Control techniques; Discontinuous current mode; Flyback converters; Optimal algorithm; Particle swarm optimisation; PI controller parameters; Switching signals; Vehicle applications; Lithium-ion batteries