Publication:
Alternatives for Fresh Water in Cement-Based Materials: A Review

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dc.citedby2
dc.contributor.authorYousuf S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorShafigh P.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMuda Z.C.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKatman H.Y.B.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLatif A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57209853136en_US
dc.contributor.authorid36675939300en_US
dc.contributor.authorid55812444000en_US
dc.contributor.authorid55812804800en_US
dc.contributor.authorid55848702700en_US
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-14T03:17:53Z
dc.date.available2024-10-14T03:17:53Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractHuge amounts of fresh water are used in the concrete industry every day. The quantity and quality of water play important roles in determining the quality, strength, setting time, and durability of cement-based materials (CBMs), such as paste, mortar, and concrete. Freshwater systems are under pressure due to climate changes, industrialisation, population growth, urbanisation, and the lack of proper water resource management. The lack of potable water has resulted in the search for possible alternatives, such as seawater, treated industrial wastewater, treated sewage wastewater, carwash service station wastewater, wastewater from ready-mix concrete plants, and wastewater from the stone-cutting industry. All of these water resources can be used in concrete to achieve adequate industry standards for the physical and chemical characteristics of concrete. This study is a comprehensive review of the existing information regarding the effects of alternate water resources on the fresh, physical, strength, and durability properties of CBMs. The review shows that the research on the utilisation of wastewater in CBMs is limited. The development of different procedures and methods is urgently needed to utilise various wastewaters in concrete production. The usage of various wastewaters in concrete construction overcomes their adverse impacts on the environment and human health. � 2023 by the authors.en_US
dc.description.natureFinalen_US
dc.identifier.ArtNo2828
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/w15152828
dc.identifier.issue15
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85167685854
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85167685854&doi=10.3390%2fw15152828&partnerID=40&md5=adf00778b9410124616686cd7e5bc176
dc.identifier.urihttps://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/34079
dc.identifier.volume15
dc.publisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)en_US
dc.relation.ispartofAll Open Access
dc.relation.ispartofGold Open Access
dc.sourceScopus
dc.sourcetitleWater (Switzerland)
dc.subjectcement-based material
dc.subjectdurability
dc.subjectindustrial wastewater
dc.subjectmechanical property
dc.subjectseawater
dc.subjectCements
dc.subjectClimate change
dc.subjectConcrete products
dc.subjectDurability
dc.subjectPopulation statistics
dc.subjectPotable water
dc.subjectSewage
dc.subjectWastewater treatment
dc.subjectWater quality
dc.subjectCement based material
dc.subjectFresh Water
dc.subjectFreshwater systems
dc.subjectIndustrial wastewaters
dc.subjectIndustrialisation
dc.subjectPopulation growth
dc.subjectQuality of water
dc.subjectSetting time
dc.subjectWater resources management
dc.subjectWaters resources
dc.subjectcement (construction material)
dc.subjectconcrete
dc.subjectdrinking water
dc.subjectdurability
dc.subjectfreshwater
dc.subjectseawater
dc.subjectwastewater
dc.subjectwater resource
dc.subjectSeawater
dc.titleAlternatives for Fresh Water in Cement-Based Materials: A Reviewen_US
dc.typeReviewen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication
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