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Electrospun nanofiber and cryogel of polyvinyl alcohol transdermal patch containing diclofenac sodium: Preparation, characterization and in vitro release studies

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dc.citedby4
dc.contributor.authorSa�adon S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAnsari M.N.M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorRazak S.I.A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorYusof A.H.M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorFaudzi A.A.M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSagadevan S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorNayan N.H.M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAnand J.S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAmin K.A.M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57212346603en_US
dc.contributor.authorid55489853600en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57201381533en_US
dc.contributor.authorid14059283400en_US
dc.contributor.authorid26028861100en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57793664300en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57224123892en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57206656359en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57194435411en_US
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-29T09:05:32Z
dc.date.available2023-05-29T09:05:32Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.descriptioncryogel; diclofenac; nanofiber; polymer; polyvinyl alcohol; Article; biocompatibility; chemical interaction; controlled study; drug synthesis; electrospinning; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; freeze thawing; gelation; in vitro study; morphology; pharmacological parameters; physical chemistry; scanning electron microscopy; sustained release formulation; thicknessen_US
dc.description.abstractTransdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) have drawn more interest from pharmaceutical scientists because they could provide steady blood levels and prevent the first-pass metabolism over a longer period. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been widely used in this application due to its biocompatibility, non-toxicity, nanofiber and hydrogel-forming ability. Despite those benefits, their morphology would easily be destroyed by continuous water absorption and contribute to burst drug release due to its hydrophilicity. The aim of this study was to prepare the diclofenac sodium (DS)-medicated dual layer PVA patch using a combination of electrospinning and cryogelation (freeze�thaw) methods to improve the physicochemical properties and drug compatibility and investigate the release of the DS-medicated dual layer PVA patch. Morphological observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) verified the polymer?polymer interaction between both layers, whereas Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has demonstrated the compatibility of DS in PVA matrix up to 2% w/v of PVA volume. The DS loads were found amorphously distributed efficaciously in PVA matrix as no visible spectra of DS�PVA interaction were detected. The DS-medicated dual layer PVA patch with a thicker nanofiber layer (3-milliliter running volume), three freeze�thaw cycles and 2% DS loading labeled as 2%DLB 3C show the lowest swelling capacity (18.47%). The in vitro assessment using Franz diffusion cells showed that the 2%DLB 3C indicates a better sustained release of DS, with 53.26% of the DS being released after 12 h. The 2%DLB 3C owned a flux (Jss) of 0.256 mg/cm2 /h and a permeability coefficient (Kp) value of 0.020 cm/h. Thus, the results demonstrate that DS-medicated dual layer PVA patches prepared via a combination of electrospinning and cryogelation are capable of releasing drugs for up to 24 h and can serve as a drug reservoir in the skin, thereby extending the pharmacologic effects of DS. � 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.en_US
dc.description.natureFinalen_US
dc.identifier.ArtNo1900
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/pharmaceutics13111900
dc.identifier.issue11
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85119611685
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85119611685&doi=10.3390%2fpharmaceutics13111900&partnerID=40&md5=a53c70b566973f90207f72766587aeed
dc.identifier.urihttps://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/25916
dc.identifier.volume13
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.relation.ispartofAll Open Access, Gold, Green
dc.sourceScopus
dc.sourcetitlePharmaceutics
dc.titleElectrospun nanofiber and cryogel of polyvinyl alcohol transdermal patch containing diclofenac sodium: Preparation, characterization and in vitro release studiesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication
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