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Optimization of substation grounding grid design for horizontal and vertical multilayer and uniform soil condition using Simulated Annealing method

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dc.contributor.authorPermal N.en_US
dc.contributor.authorOsman M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAriffin A.M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBoopalan N.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAbidin Ab Kadir M.Z.en_US
dc.contributor.authorid56781496300en_US
dc.contributor.authorid7201930315en_US
dc.contributor.authorid16400722400en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57211414491en_US
dc.contributor.authorid25947297000en_US
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-29T09:06:05Z
dc.date.available2023-05-29T09:06:05Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.descriptionalgorithm; Article; cost; electric resistance; electricity; engineering; grounding grid system; process optimization; safety; simulated annealing; soil property; soil structure; chemistry; computer simulation; electric conductivity; electric power plant; impedance; soil; spatial analysis; theoretical model; Algorithms; Computer Simulation; Electric Conductivity; Electric Impedance; Models, Theoretical; Power Plants; Soil; Spatial Analysisen_US
dc.description.abstractGrounding systems are critical in safeguarding people and equipment from power system failures. A grounding system�s principal goal is to offer the lowest impedance path for undesired fault current. Optimization of the grounding grid designs is important in satisfying the minimum cost of the grounding system and safeguarding those people who work in the surrounding area of the grounded installations. Currently, there is no systematic guidance or standard for grounding grid designs that include two-layer soil and its effects on grounding grid systems, particularly vertically layered soil. Furthermore, while numerous studies have been conducted on optimization, relatively limited study has been done on the problem of optimizing the grounding grid in two-layer soil, particularly in vertical soil structures. This paper presents the results of optimization for substation grounding systems using the Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm in different soil conditions which conforms to the safety requirements of the grounding system. Practical features of grounding grids in various soil conditions discussed in this paper (uniform soil, two-layer horizontal soil, and two-layer vertical soil) are considered during problem formulation and solution algorithm. The proposed algorithm�s results show that the number of grid conductors in the X and Y directions (Nx and Ny), as well as vertical rods (Nr), can be optimized from initial numbers of 35% for uniform soil, 57% for horizontal two-layer soil for ?1> ?2, and 33% for horizontal two-layer soil for ?1< ?2, and 29% for vertical two-layer soil structure. In other words, the proposed technique would be able to utilize square and rectangle-shaped grounding grids with a number of grid conductors and vertical rods to be implemented in uniform, two-layer horizontal and vertical soil structure, depending on the resistivity of the soil layer. � 2021 Permal et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.en_US
dc.description.natureFinalen_US
dc.identifier.ArtNoe0256298
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0256298
dc.identifier.issue9-Sep
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85114625372
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85114625372&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0256298&partnerID=40&md5=bd1c60a903c2bb958ec5d0e02e25948e
dc.identifier.urihttps://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/26015
dc.identifier.volume16
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_US
dc.relation.ispartofAll Open Access, Gold, Green
dc.sourceScopus
dc.sourcetitlePLoS ONE
dc.titleOptimization of substation grounding grid design for horizontal and vertical multilayer and uniform soil condition using Simulated Annealing methoden_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication
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