Publication: An investigation on titanium doping in reduced graphene oxide by RF magnetron sputtering for dye-sensitized solar cells
Date
2019
Authors
Low F.W.
Lai C.W.
Asim N.
Akhtaruzzaman M.
Alghoul M.
Tiong S.K.
Amin N.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
A study investigating the effects of titanium (Ti)atoms sputtered from different sources on substrate distance was attempted in order to effectively dope a reduced graphene oxide (rGO)thin film surface. Factors such as crystallinity, morphology, phase formation, light absorption, and surface chemical state of rGO-TiO2 were investigated. As a result, functional groups or chemical states revealed the presence of Ti-O-C in rGO-TiO2 nanocomposite after the sputtering process. The titanium source from the target was of Ti3+ species as determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that average sized Ti3+ ions of around 59.4 nm were incorporated into the rGO nanosheet. A customized Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs)device was fabricated with the photo-anode consisting of sputtered rGO-TiO2 nanocomposite. After optimization, the Ti target allocated with 10 cm-apart FTO glass-coated rGO nanosheet and 0.67 cm2 active area exhibited an ideal PCE of 6.60%, which is remarkably higher than the usual 5 cm sputtering distance the sample (1.90%)had achieved. � 2019
Description
Crystallinity; Doping (additives); Graphene; Light absorption; Magnetron sputtering; Morphology; Nanosheets; Oxide minerals; Reduced Graphene Oxide; Semiconductor doping; TiO2 nanoparticles; Titanium dioxide; Titanium metallography; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Phase formations; Reduced graphene oxides (RGO); rf-Magnetron sputtering; Sputtering process; Substrate distance; Surface chemical state; Thin film surfaces; Titanium doping; Dye-sensitized solar cells; chemical compound; detection method; equipment; fuel cell; inorganic compound; nanocomposite; titanium