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Load frequency control in power systems with high renewable energy penetration: A strategy employing PI?(1+PDF) controller, hybrid energy storage, and IPFC-FACTS

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dc.citedby7
dc.contributor.authorKhan I.A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMokhlis H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMansor N.N.en_US
dc.contributor.authorIllias H.A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorDaraz A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorRamasamy A.K.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMarsadek M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAfzal A.R.en_US
dc.contributor.authorid58182998900en_US
dc.contributor.authorid8136874200en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57114786800en_US
dc.contributor.authorid26633053900en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57189689217en_US
dc.contributor.authorid16023154400en_US
dc.contributor.authorid26423183000en_US
dc.contributor.authorid58850008000en_US
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-03T07:41:33Z
dc.date.available2025-03-03T07:41:33Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractThe high penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) in the modern power system poses a challenge to power system stability. This stability is affected by the stochastic, fluctuating output of RESs, which is influenced by weather conditions, and a lack of inertia resulting from reduced rotating mass. To address this issue, a new controller, referred to as Proportional-Fractional Integrator Plus Proportional-Derivative with Filter, PI?(1+PDF), is designed for Load Frequency Control (LFC) with the support of a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) for power systems with high-RES penetration. The HESS comprises a Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage System (SMES) and a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) coupled with an Interline Power Flow Controller Flexible AC Transmission Systems (IPFC-FACTs) controller. The HESS, working in conjunction with the proposed LFC, injects virtual inertia and maintains power flow to expedite the frequency stability process. These systems are also integrated with Alternating Current (AC) and High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission lines to collectively enhance both the system's stability and the capacity of its transmission lines. To optimize the PI?(1+PDF) controller parameters, Zebra Optimization Algorithm (ZOA) is employed utilizing an Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) objective function. The proposed controller is tested on a four-area power system integrated with a wind turbine, photovoltaic (PV) panels, a biodiesel generator, and a hydrogen aqua electrolyzer fuel cell, representing a high penetration of RESs in modern power systems. The results are compared with those obtained using Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) and Fractional Order Proportional Integral Derivative (FOPID) controllers. Sensitivity analysis and robustness tests are also performed to verify the stability of the power network by changing system parameters and under randomly chosen loading conditions. The proposed PI?(1+PDF) controller tuned with ZOA outperforms PID and FOPID controllers by minimizing settling time for frequency changes by 62 %, eliminating overshoot, and reducing undershoots for frequency and tie-line power changes by 73 % and 55 %, respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed controller outperforms PID and FOPID controllers by effectively damping frequency and tie-line deviations, resulting in reduced frequency overshoots, undershoots, and shorter settling times. ? 2024 The Authorsen_US
dc.description.natureFinalen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.aej.2024.06.087
dc.identifier.epage366
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85198363097
dc.identifier.spage337
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85198363097&doi=10.1016%2fj.aej.2024.06.087&partnerID=40&md5=cfb951f02edd24d1d50f1d2506e2ed10
dc.identifier.urihttps://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/36199
dc.identifier.volume106
dc.pagecount29
dc.publisherElsevier B.V.en_US
dc.sourceScopus
dc.sourcetitleAlexandria Engineering Journal
dc.subjectElectric control equipment
dc.subjectElectric energy storage
dc.subjectElectric frequency control
dc.subjectElectric impedance measurement
dc.subjectElectric lines
dc.subjectElectric load flow
dc.subjectElectric power system control
dc.subjectElectric power system interconnection
dc.subjectElectric power transmission networks
dc.subjectFlexible AC transmission systems
dc.subjectFuel cells
dc.subjectHVDC power transmission
dc.subjectMagnetic storage
dc.subjectOptimization
dc.subjectPower control
dc.subjectPress load control
dc.subjectProportional control systems
dc.subjectRenewable energy
dc.subjectRobust control
dc.subjectSensitivity analysis
dc.subjectStochastic systems
dc.subjectThree term control systems
dc.subjectTwo term control systems
dc.subjectEnergy storage system
dc.subjectHybrid energy storage systems
dc.subjectIPFC
dc.subjectLoad-frequency control
dc.subjectOptimization algorithms
dc.subjectPower
dc.subjectRenewable energy source
dc.subjectStorage systems
dc.subjectSuperconducting Magnetic Energy Storage systems
dc.subjectZebra optimization algorithm
dc.subjectControllers
dc.titleLoad frequency control in power systems with high renewable energy penetration: A strategy employing PI?(1+PDF) controller, hybrid energy storage, and IPFC-FACTSen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication
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