Publication: Can waste eggshell replace commercial zeolites as catalyst for bio-oil production?
Date
2023
Authors
Seah C.C.
Habib S.H.
Hafriz R.S.R.M.
Shamsuddin A.H.
Salmiaton A.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Elsevier B.V.
Abstract
The utilisation of calcium oxide (CaO) from waste chicken eggshells, fishbone, and dolomite as a catalyst in the co-pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch (EFB) and high-density polyethene plastic (HDPE) was investigated and compared with existing commercial zeolite catalysts (HZSM-5, NaY, and FCC). In-situ catalytic co-pyrolysis of EFB-HDPE was performed for each CaO and zeolite-based catalyst. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyse the hydrocarbon content of the bio-oil produced by pyrolysis. The highest hydrocarbon content (61.62%) was obtained from the calcined eggshell (CES) catalyst and was comparable to that of the commercial zeolite catalyst, HZSM-5, with a hydrocarbon content of 53.53%. Brunauer�Emmett�Teller (BET) analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis, and Particle Size Analysis (PSA) have proven the viability of CaO-based catalysts in the co-pyrolysis process for bio-oil production via fast pyrolysis. The CES achieved the desired pore diameter (175.15 nm) which was exhibited in the morphology analysis (SEM) and exhibited a uniform arrangement of calcium oxide particles and a porous structure. This finding provides fundamental insight into CaO from organic waste as a suitable alternative to zeolite catalysts in the co-pyrolysis of organic and inorganic feedstocks. � 2023 Elsevier B.V.
Description
Keywords
Bio-oil , Co-pyrolysis , Eggshell catalyst , Empty fruit bunch , High-density polyethene , Catalysts , Fruits , Gas chromatography , High density polyethylenes , Hydrocarbons , Lime , Mass spectrometry , Particle size , Particle size analysis , Pyrolysis , Zeolites , Bio-oils , Commercial zeolite , Copyrolysis , Egg-shell catalysts , Empty fruit bunches , High-density polyethene , Hydrocarbon content , Polyethene , Zeolite catalyst , ]+ catalyst , Scanning electron microscopy