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Investigation of waste-derived and low-cost calcium oxide-based catalysts in co-pyrolysis of EFB-HDPE to produce high quality bio-oil

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dc.citedby5
dc.contributor.authorHakim K.A.K.M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorTan E.S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorHabib S.H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorHafriz R.S.R.M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSalmiaton A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorid55946314000en_US
dc.contributor.authorid16425096800en_US
dc.contributor.authorid56131983000en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57204588040en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57193906995en_US
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-03T07:47:27Z
dc.date.available2025-03-03T07:47:27Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractThis study evaluated and compared the bio-oil yield produced from the co-pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch (EFB) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) feedstock using four calcium oxide (CaO)-based catalysts. Three catalysts were derived from waste sources, namely, clamshell (CS), eggshell (ES), and chicken bone (CB), whereas Malaysia dolomite (MD) was extracted from limestone. Pure CaO catalyst served as a control experiment for comparison purposes. Surface area (BET), particle size (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) examinations were used to compare all catalysts. BET and PSA demonstrated that waste-derived catalysts (CS, CB, ES) have the properties required for co-pyrolysis to produce good yield and quality of bio-oil, whilst XRD and SEM/EDX revealed the existence of CaO compound in each of the catalysts. The co-pyrolysis of EFB-HDPE was performed under controlled conditions in a fluidized-bed reactor. All co-pyrolysis parameters such as catalyst loading, feedstock loading, gas flow, and temperature were fixed for all reactions. The study explored the effect of each catalyst on the catalytic cracking of EFB-HDPE through the bio-oil yield and hydrocarbon composition from the reaction. The chemical composition of the bio-oil samples was analyzed by gas chromatography?mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, whereas the bio-oil yield was calculated using mass-balance equation. The maximum oil yield was 26.07 wt% for ES, whereas pure CaO generated a 52.39% hydrocarbon composition, the highest among all catalysts, followed by ES. ? 2024 Elsevier B.V.en_US
dc.description.natureFinalen_US
dc.identifier.ArtNo106375
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106375
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85185476285
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85185476285&doi=10.1016%2fj.jaap.2024.106375&partnerID=40&md5=00db9c33115789acbcae58f0cef96532
dc.identifier.urihttps://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/37097
dc.identifier.volume177
dc.publisherElsevier B.V.en_US
dc.sourceScopus
dc.sourcetitleJournal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis
dc.subjectChemical reactors
dc.subjectCosts
dc.subjectCrystallinity
dc.subjectEnergy dispersive spectroscopy
dc.subjectFeedstocks
dc.subjectFlow of gases
dc.subjectFluid catalytic cracking
dc.subjectFluidized beds
dc.subjectFruits
dc.subjectGas chromatography
dc.subjectHigh density polyethylenes
dc.subjectLime
dc.subjectMass spectrometry
dc.subjectOrganic carbon
dc.subjectParticle size
dc.subjectScanning electron microscopy
dc.subjectX ray diffraction
dc.subjectBio-oil yield
dc.subjectBio-oils
dc.subjectCalcium oxide catalyst
dc.subjectCopyrolysis
dc.subjectEmpty fruit bunches
dc.subjectHigh-density polyethylenes
dc.subjectLow cost catalysts
dc.subjectOxides catalysts
dc.subjectWaste and low-cost catalyst
dc.subject]+ catalyst
dc.subjectCatalysts
dc.titleInvestigation of waste-derived and low-cost calcium oxide-based catalysts in co-pyrolysis of EFB-HDPE to produce high quality bio-oilen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication
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