Publication: Strontium-doped hydroxyapatite nanopowder via sol-gel method: Effect of strontium concentration and calcination temperature on phase behavior
Date
2009
Authors
Mardziah C.M.
Sopyan I.
Ramesh S.
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Abstract
Strontium doped hydroxyapatite (Sr-doped HA) nanopowder has been synthesized using a sol-gel method. The concentration of strontium was varied at 2, 5, 10 and 15 mol%. The as synthesized powders were calcined at temperatures of 500-900�C. The calcined white Sr-doped HA powders were characterized using differential and thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTA), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Morphological evaluation by FESEM measurement shows that the particles of the Sr-doped HA agglomerates are globular in shape with an average size of 1-2 mm in diameter while the primary particles have a diameter of 30-150 nm in average. The calcined powders contained hydroxyapatite phase only for all doping concentration except for the smallest doping concentration, 2 mol%, where �-TCP appeared as the secondary phase. This indicates that the substitution of Sr atoms for Ca atoms have stabilized the HA phase, leading to the inhibition of the appearance of �-TCP phase upon high temperature calcination. Even, for 2 mol% Sr-doped HA, the appearance of �-TCP peak only started to appear at a temperature as high as of 900�C, compared to non-Sr doping HA which appeared at a temperature below 800�C. � Society for Biomaterials and Artificial Organs (India), 20090119-37.
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Keywords
Apatite , Concentration (process) , Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , Hydroxyapatite , Nanostructured materials , Powders , Sol-gel process , Strontium , Thermogravimetric analysis , X ray diffraction , X ray powder diffraction , As-synthesized powder , Average size , Calcination temperature , Calcined powder , Doping concentration , Field emission scanning electron microscopy , FTIR , HA powders , High-temperature calcination , Nano powders , Phase-only , Primary particles , Secondary phase , TCP phase , Calcination