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Assessment of Sewage Molecular Markers: Linear Alkylbenzenes in Sediments of an Industrialized Region in Peninsular Malaysia

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dc.citedby4
dc.contributor.authorAlkhadher S.A.A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAl-Hazmi H.E.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSuratman S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorZakaria M.P.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMasood N.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSzel?g B.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMagam S.M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAl-Qadami E.H.H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMajtacz J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKowal P.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKurniawan T.A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAbdulrahman S.A.M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAlbaseer S.S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorid56405495700en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57190346221en_US
dc.contributor.authorid24315118500en_US
dc.contributor.authorid7006065295en_US
dc.contributor.authorid54794318800en_US
dc.contributor.authorid55958697000en_US
dc.contributor.authorid56695192900en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57209685904en_US
dc.contributor.authorid55037464500en_US
dc.contributor.authorid7006593853en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57226619546en_US
dc.contributor.authorid36058383600en_US
dc.contributor.authorid36170327500en_US
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-14T03:17:55Z
dc.date.available2024-10-14T03:17:55Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractIn this study, the use of linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) was employed to pinpoint the sources of human activity that cause detrimental impacts on the coastal environment and river ecosystems. LABs were detected using GC�MS in sediment samples assembled from Kim Kim River (KKR) and the Port Dickson coast (PDC). To assess the significance of variations in the distribution and concentrations of LABs across the sampling sites, this study utilized several statistical techniques such as post hoc tests, LSD techniques, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Pearson correlation coefficient using a significance level of p < 0.05. The degradation levels of LABs and wastewater treatment were assessed in the study using internal congeners (I/E), homologs of C13 and C12, and long-to-short-chain (L/S) ratios. The results revealed that the LAB concentrations varied between 88.3 and 112 ng/g dw in KKR and 119 to 256 ng/g dw in the PDC. Most of the surveyed areas exhibited a substantial count of C13�LABs homologs that displayed a significant difference (p < 0.05). The I/E ratios ranged from 1.7 to 2.0 in KKR and from 2.0 to 4.1 in the PDC, suggesting that the effluents originated from sources associated with the physical phase and biological phase in wastewater treatment systems (WWTSs). The results revealed that the degradation of LABs varied between 34% and 38% in KKR and between 40% and 64% in the PDC. This study underscores the importance of ongoing improvements to WWTSs and emphasizes the potential of LABs as indicators for monitoring wastewater contamination. � 2023 by the authors.en_US
dc.description.natureFinalen_US
dc.identifier.ArtNo3301
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/w15183301
dc.identifier.issue18
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85172421121
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85172421121&doi=10.3390%2fw15183301&partnerID=40&md5=d60bfea86a7023e1e13490793987fede
dc.identifier.urihttps://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/34090
dc.identifier.volume15
dc.publisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)en_US
dc.relation.ispartofAll Open Access
dc.relation.ispartofGold Open Access
dc.sourceScopus
dc.sourcetitleWater (Switzerland)
dc.subjectdegradation
dc.subjectinternally over exterior
dc.subjectlinear alkylbenzenes
dc.subjectmolecular marker
dc.subjectpollutants contained in wastewater
dc.subjectsediment
dc.subjectMalaysia
dc.subjectWest Malaysia
dc.subjectAnalysis of variance (ANOVA)
dc.subjectBiological water treatment
dc.subjectCorrelation methods
dc.subjectEcosystems
dc.subjectEffluents
dc.subjectLaboratories
dc.subjectSampling
dc.subjectSediments
dc.subjectSewage
dc.subjectAlkyl benzene
dc.subjectCoastal environments
dc.subjectCoastal rivers
dc.subjectHuman activities
dc.subjectInternally over exterior
dc.subjectLinear alkylbenzene
dc.subjectMalaysia
dc.subjectMolecular marker
dc.subjectPollutant contained in wastewater
dc.subjectWastewater treatment system
dc.subjectcoastal zone
dc.subjectdegradation
dc.subjectfluvial deposit
dc.subjecthuman activity
dc.subjectorganic compound
dc.subjectsampling
dc.subjectsediment analysis
dc.subjectvariance analysis
dc.subjectwastewater
dc.subjectwastewater treatment
dc.subjectWastewater treatment
dc.titleAssessment of Sewage Molecular Markers: Linear Alkylbenzenes in Sediments of an Industrialized Region in Peninsular Malaysiaen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication
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