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Kinetic Modelling of Esterification and Transesterification Processes for Biodiesel Production Utilising Waste-Based Resource

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dc.contributor.authorHazrat M.A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorRasul M.G.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKhan M.M.K.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAshwath N.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSilitonga A.S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorFattah I.M.R.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMahlia T.M.I.en_US
dc.contributor.authorid55936470700en_US
dc.contributor.authorid6603918185en_US
dc.contributor.authorid26643125500en_US
dc.contributor.authorid55962751500en_US
dc.contributor.authorid39262559400en_US
dc.contributor.authorid58034472200en_US
dc.contributor.authorid56997615100en_US
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-29T09:36:09Z
dc.date.available2023-05-29T09:36:09Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractProcess optimisation and reaction kinetic model development were carried out for two-stage esterification-transesterification reactions of waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel. This study focused on these traditional processes due to their techno-economic feasibility, which is an important factor before deciding on a type of feedstock for industrialisation. Four-factor and two-level face-centred central composite design (CCD) models were used to optimise the process. The kinetic parameters for the esterification and transesterification processes were determined by considering both pseudo-homogeneous irreversible and pseudo-homogeneous first-order irreversible processes. For the esterification process, the optimal conditions were found to be an 8.12:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 1.9 wt.% of WCO for H2SO4, and 60 �C reaction temperature for a period of 90 min. The optimal process conditions for the transesterification process were a 6.1:1 methanol to esterified oil molar ratio, 1.2 wt.% of esterified oil of KOH, reaction temperature of 60 �C, and a reaction time of 110 min in a batch reactor system; the optimal yield was 99.77%. The overall process conversion efficiency was found to be 97.44%. Further research into reaction kinetics will aid in determining the precise reaction process kinetic analysis in future. � 2022 by the authors.en_US
dc.description.natureFinalen_US
dc.identifier.ArtNo1472
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/catal12111472
dc.identifier.issue11
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85149469573
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85149469573&doi=10.3390%2fcatal12111472&partnerID=40&md5=74f4d7045e87a4a830fd489a6614a3c3
dc.identifier.urihttps://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/26680
dc.identifier.volume12
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.relation.ispartofAll Open Access, Gold, Green
dc.sourceScopus
dc.sourcetitleCatalysts
dc.titleKinetic Modelling of Esterification and Transesterification Processes for Biodiesel Production Utilising Waste-Based Resourceen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication
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