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Synthesis of Carbide Lime Waste Derived Base Catalyst (KF/CLW-Fe3O4) for Methyl Ester Production: An Optimization Study

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dc.contributor.authorLim H.H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorPua F.L.en_US
dc.contributor.authorOthman R.en_US
dc.contributor.authorTaufiq-Yap Y.H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKrishnan S.G.en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57361566000en_US
dc.contributor.authorid36024192100en_US
dc.contributor.authorid36158500900en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57194506693en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57190370972en_US
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-29T09:41:53Z
dc.date.available2023-05-29T09:41:53Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.descriptionAnalysis of variance (ANOVA); Carbides; Catalyst activity; Esters; Hydrated lime; Lime; Palm oil; Scanning electron microscopy; Signal to noise ratio; Taguchi methods; Temperature programmed desorption; Transesterification; Base catalyst; Carbide lime; KF/CLW-fe3O4; Methyl esters; Optimisations; Optimization studies; Solid base catalysts; Transesterification reaction; Transesterifications; Carbon dioxideen_US
dc.description.abstractIn this paper, solid base catalyst KF/CLW-Fe3O4 was prepared from carbide lime waste, primarily calcium hydroxide with tiny amounts of carbonate and; the catalyst was used in the optimization study on the methyl ester production. The new strong base catalyst was synthesized by chemical impregnation. This catalyst was characterized by Hammett indicator analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of carbon dioxide. The catalyst was further used to catalyzed the transesterification reaction to produce methyl ester. Taguchi method was used to assess the impact of catalyst at different intervals of reaction parameters, including reaction time, methanol to oil ratio, and catalyst loading. A mixed level of orthogonal array design with L9, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and signal to noise ratio were used to determine parameters that significantly impact the palm oil transesterification reaction. High methyl ester conversion was attained, and the catalyst can be easily separated and reused. KF/CLWFe3O4 has great potential to be used to produce methyl ester because of its high catalytic activity and environmental friendliness. � 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).en_US
dc.description.natureFinalen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.9767/BCREC.17.1.12348.127-134
dc.identifier.epage134
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85123800165
dc.identifier.spage127
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85123800165&doi=10.9767%2fBCREC.17.1.12348.127-134&partnerID=40&md5=dfd57b548d4a944c49f15e3b03ac4205
dc.identifier.urihttps://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/27269
dc.identifier.volume17
dc.publisherDiponegoro Universityen_US
dc.relation.ispartofAll Open Access, Gold
dc.sourceScopus
dc.sourcetitleBulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
dc.titleSynthesis of Carbide Lime Waste Derived Base Catalyst (KF/CLW-Fe3O4) for Methyl Ester Production: An Optimization Studyen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication
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