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Effect of nanofibril cellulose empty fruit bunch-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites on tensile and dynamic mechanical properties for flexible substrates

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dc.citedby2
dc.contributor.authorAzzra N.A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAtiqah A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorFadhlina H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorJalar A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBakar M.A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorIsmail A.G.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSupian A.B.M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorid58785621300en_US
dc.contributor.authorid55366998300en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57980228500en_US
dc.contributor.authorid11539926200en_US
dc.contributor.authorid6701558715en_US
dc.contributor.authorid36672954400en_US
dc.contributor.authorid57202962691en_US
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-03T07:41:38Z
dc.date.available2025-03-03T07:41:38Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractResearchers and scientists have focused on the development and future opportunities of flexible sensors in food, environment and defense fields. In this study, we propose a flexible substrate material-based nanofibril cellulose empty fruit bunch (NEFB)-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blend nanocomposite for flexible substrate materials. Untreated and treated nanofibril cellulose samples of empty fruit bunch (NEFB, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 wt. %) were treated with 6 wt.% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and subjected to internal Brabender mixer followed by a hot-pressing machine. The density and tensile and dynamic mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated for the treated and untreated samples. Tensile properties were characterized using a Universal Testing Machine, and the fracture mechanism after post-tensile testing was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Increasing the content of untreated NEFB/TPU improved the tensile strength compared with 6% treated NEFB/TPU blend nanocomposites. Incorporating the nanofibril cellulose of empty fruit bunch at 2% into the TPU blend nanocomposites significantly increased E?, E" and Tg compared with other formulations. Highlights: Nanocellulose derived from plants is considered a promising material for flexible substrates in electronics due to its robust mechanical properties and eco-friendliness. Malaysia's abundant empty fruit bunch (EFB) resources make it a possible source of nanocellulose, which improves the properties of polymers. The effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment on the compatibility of EFB-derived nanocellulose with polymer matrices was investigated. The addition of nanocellulose, particularly at a concentration of 1%, significantly increases the tensile strength of thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites, whereas 6% NaOH treatment has no effect. Dynamic mechanical analysis reveals high storage modulus at 2% nanofibril cellulose empty fruit bunch (NEFB) and energy dissipation at 4% NEFB as well as enhanced interfacial bonding at 1% NEFB. ? 2024 Society of Plastics Engineers.en_US
dc.description.natureFinalen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/pc.28788
dc.identifier.epage14643
dc.identifier.issue16
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85199099191
dc.identifier.spage14633
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85199099191&doi=10.1002%2fpc.28788&partnerID=40&md5=4928fbcb0937bcf1591441ee76b89995
dc.identifier.urihttps://irepository.uniten.edu.my/handle/123456789/36232
dc.identifier.volume45
dc.pagecount10
dc.publisherJohn Wiley and Sons Incen_US
dc.sourceScopus
dc.sourcetitlePolymer Composites
dc.subjectDynamics
dc.subjectFruits
dc.subjectHot Pressing
dc.subjectPolyurethanes
dc.subjectScanning Electron Microscopy
dc.subjectSodium Hydroxide
dc.subjectDensity (specific gravity)
dc.subjectDuctile fracture
dc.subjectDynamic mechanical analysis
dc.subjectDynamics
dc.subjectEnergy dissipation
dc.subjectFlexible electronics
dc.subjectFracture testing
dc.subjectFruits
dc.subjectHot pressing
dc.subjectMaterials testing apparatus
dc.subjectNanocellulose
dc.subjectNanocomposites
dc.subjectNanofibers
dc.subjectPolyurethanes
dc.subjectReinforced plastics
dc.subjectScanning electron microscopy
dc.subjectSodium hydroxide
dc.subjectSubstrates
dc.subjectTensile strength
dc.subjectBiomedical devices
dc.subjectBlend nanocomposites
dc.subjectEmpty fruit bunches
dc.subjectFlexible substrate
dc.subjectNano-cellulose
dc.subjectNano-fibrils
dc.subjectNanofibril cellulose empty fruit bunch
dc.subjectPlastic encapsulation
dc.subjectThermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites
dc.subjectThermoplastic polyurethanes
dc.subjectTensile testing
dc.titleEffect of nanofibril cellulose empty fruit bunch-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites on tensile and dynamic mechanical properties for flexible substratesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication
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