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- PublicationAdvancement in system designs for multiphase liquid separation(Elsevier, 2023)
;Duc N.M. ;Chia S.R. ;Nomanbhay S. ;Devadas V.V. ;58150465200 ;57194081866 ;5721721113757215655608Liquid biphasic system (LBS), also known as aqueous two-phase system, is an alternative separation and purification method for downstream processing of biomolecules. The advantages of this system include high biocompatibility, simple and rapid operation, high flexibility and efficiency. In recent years, several other techniques such as solvent sublation, ultrasonication, electrolysis, magnetic-assisted, and microwave-assisted extraction have been incorporated into LBS in order to achieve an even better system. This chapter will explore those advance LBS, their mechanism as well as how they have been improving the recovery and production of various biological products. � 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. - PublicationAnalysis of Transmission Performance for Fine Pitch Interconnect(Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2023)
;Leong H.Y. ;Yap B.K. ;Chin L.P. ;Zuraida E.E. ;Awang Mat Z. ;55787052600 ;26649255900 ;58310807100 ;5831139450057197760538Wire bonding is the preferred interconnection in the IC packaging. Understanding the electrical performance of bonding wire as transmission line is utmost important. To date, there are very limited studies on the transmission performance of fine pitch bare bonding wire especially the insulated wires. This paper investigated the transmission performance of single bare bonding wires and insulated bonding wires with different wire material, wire diameter, bonding height and insulation thickness at high frequency. The simulation analysis shows that when the frequency increases above 15 Ghz, the effect of geometric parameters has no significant difference to the transmission performance. The thickness of the insulation between 0.1 ?m to 0.3 ?m demonstrated similar performance for return loss and insertion loss across all frequencies. � 2023 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland. - PublicationApplication of Geographical Information System in Landslide Hazard Analysis(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023)
;Taher T.M. ;Omar R.C. ;Wahab W.A. ;Roslan R. ;Solemon B. ;Jaapar A.R. ;57195257852 ;35753735300 ;56040257700 ;57159693200 ;2483232000057361879800Landslides can cause disastrous flooding, particularly when streams in the dams are breached by landslide which increases water level and may trigger more slides. This study aims to identify potential landslide zone and its characteristics through landslide hazard mapping using the Geographical Information System (GIS). The importance of precipitation toward the result will also be evaluated using different percentages of influences. Elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, and geology are the variables considered. The susceptibility map was generated by analyzing each factor using the weighted overlay method. The susceptibility map combined with precipitation data generates a Landslide Hazard Map. In the weighted overlay process, assigning different percentages of influence for precipitation resulted in different landslide hazard (LH) zones. The outcome, based on a 55% influence factor, showed that 95.5% of the area was identified as a low hazard while the remaining area was classified as a moderate hazard. In contrast, by using 45% influence, 45.1% area is moderately hazardous followed by lower hazard. Increasing the percentage of influence by more than 55% showed no changes to the LH result. Damage at the dam area will disrupt energy production in the area. Besides urban area, management and monitoring of slope stability in the study area is vital, particularly during unpredictable weather changes. � The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023. - PublicationApplying Nanofiltration for Sustainability: Case Studies in Various Industries(CRC Press, 2023)
;Rosyadah Ahmad N.N. ;Mohammad A.W. ;Ang W.L. ;Teow Y.H. ;58476862000 ;58253640700 ;5607661300056480697700The application of nanofiltration (NF) technology in wastewater treatment is promising for water recycling, reuse, and product recovery due to its high selectivity for divalent/polyvalent ions while permitting monovalent ions and small molecules (<100 Da) transport. This chapter discusses the case studies of NF application for treating various types of wastewater including those from agriculture activities, domestic and industrial sources such as food, pharmaceutical, oil and gas, textile, mining, as well as pulp and paper industries. The discussion covers the aspect of NF efficacy as a stand-alone treatment or as part of an integrated process for fouling mitigation and separation performance enhancement. The performance of integrated processes in terms of product recovery or capability to attain permeate with reusable water criteria is also highlighted. � 2024 selection and editorial matter, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Teow Yeit Haan and Nidal Hidal - PublicationAraucaria Araucana thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose(De Gruyter, 2023)
;Nazrin A. ;Norfarhana A.S. ;Ilyas R.A. ;Sapuan S.M. ;Khalina A. ;Syafiq R.M.O. ;Huzaifah M.R.M. ;Azmi A. ;Khoo P.S. ;Nordin A.H. ;Hawanis H.S.N. ;Hassan S.A. ;57216583411 ;57673621600 ;57196328367 ;35230794000 ;34768361100 ;57216592251 ;57195420719 ;57473743800 ;57193124630 ;57209177733 ;5721413939756500772000Araucaria Araucana starch is a raw material with proven potential in obtaining biodegradable polymers. Plasticization improves the flexibility characteristics of starch-based films, however, they still tend to have low tensile strength and high hydrophilicity. The addition of nanocellulose is a technique to improve these characteristics. In this paper, the effects of adding different sources and concentrations of nanocellulose (NC) on the properties of thermoplastic Araucaria Araucana films are addressed. One can highlight, the main effects are the increase of tensile strength and transparency of the films along with the reduction of water vapor permeability and water solubility. Further studies involving the reinforcement of Araucaria Araucana starch and nanocellulose should be conducted to overcome the lack of information. � 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston. All rights reserved. - PublicationAssessment of Dam Break High-Risk Flood Areas and Impacts on Tourism Industry in Hulu Perak(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023)
;Salleh R. ;Kumar V. ;Sidek L.M. ;Razak S.N.A. ;Ali K.K. ;35811399800 ;57194071750 ;35070506500 ;5721641273757779130100Perak State, located in the Northern Corridor of Peninsular Malaysia, offers attractive spots and ecotourism sites for tourists to explore. The state is also campaigning for Visit Perak 2024 to promote tourism as a strategic economic sector that will significantly contribute to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), job creation and foreign exchange earnings. However, Perak has been experiencing devastating flood incidences, including flash floods in the last three years (2020�2022). This article aims to assess the potential impacts of dam-break flood disasters towards the tourism industry in the Hulu Perak district of Perak, with a focus on the socio-economic values. As a methodology, primary and secondary data have been collected from in situ interviews with local authorities, Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM) Perak and relevant published annual statistical reports. This study has found that, in the event of a dam break or flood caused by excessive rainfall, the tourism industry and other supporting hospitality industries in Hulu Perak district will be adversely affected by loss of revenues and negative socio-economic implications. In view of these potential hazards, this study has recommended an integrated flood impact analysis to be undertaken at the state level to create a tourist contingency strategy for flood recovery. � The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023. - PublicationAssessment of Slope Instability Caused by Weathering Process in Pergau-Batu Melintang, Kelantan(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023)
;Wahab W.A. ;Omar R.C. ;Jaapar A.R. ;Taher T.M. ;Roslan R. ;Baharuddin I.N.Z. ;Solemon B. ;Khalid N.H.N. ;Isa A.A.M. ;Zarime N.A. ;56040257700 ;35753735300 ;57361879800 ;57195257852 ;57159693200 ;55812431300 ;24832320000 ;55812452000 ;5807494390056593247000This paper aims to assess the subsurface integrity and stability of the slope in the Pergau-Batu Melintang electrical energy production area, located on a highland and near the slope edge, which may pose a risk. Two geophysical survey techniques were used to evaluate the slope's stability: electrical resistivity and seismic survey through in situ testing. The electrical resistivity test has the advantage of producing both subsurface resistivity and the ground's resistivity index. Meanwhile, the seismic survey aimed to identify any subsurface homogeneity. This study assessed the slope stability due to rock weathering by combining in situ testing, geophysical survey, laboratory testing, rock quality designation (RQD%), standard penetration test (SPT) N values, and macroscopic and microscopic rock identification. Slope-W software was used to simulate and determine the slope's Factor of Safety (FOS). The FOS results indicate that the method utilised in this study offers a promising discovery and a correlation between the impact of weathering processes and slope instability. � The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023. - PublicationBiological Kinetic Model Design and Development for Low-Loading River Water Treatment Plant (RWTP)(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023)
;Mohiyaden H.A. ;Sidek L.M. ;Salih G.H.A. ;56780374500 ;3507050650056239664100Recent research has identified that the major fraction of kinetic model in any type of wastewater. The research presented herein develops the kinetics of low-loading wastewater removal and river water treatment plant as a launch pad. Kinetic laboratory was developed with the setup of 2-h hydraulic retention time (HRT) in integrated Fixed Activated Sludge System (IFAS) bioreactor operation toward biological performance. Two bioreactors were installed with two different types of biological carrier which was applied in full-scale RWTP and was fed with synthetic river water. The setting-up including concentration of the carrier was followed the manufacturer�s design same as full-scale RWTP. The testing happened for 28�days non-stop. In biological kinetic parameter estimation, according to the Monod model, it can be observed that values obtained for biokinetic coefficients for brush media and Bioball are k as 4.65�days?1 and 1.37�days?1 while ?max as 5.11�days?1 and 1.424�days?1 respectively. The model validation test and bio-kinetic parameters of brush media models have shown better simulation results compared to Bioball bio-kinetic parameters. This was proven with root mean square error (RMSE) value (8.26) for brush media, which is lesser than 47.1369 RMSE value (29.08). These findings provide evidence of the best performance and operation of RWTPs - PublicationCassava starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose(De Gruyter, 2023)
;Asmawi N. ;Ilyas R.A. ;Roslim M.H.M. ;Rajeshkumar L. ;Abotbina W. ;Syafri E. ;Jumaidin R. ;Syafiq R. ;Rafiqah S.A. ;Ridwan R. ;Jusoh S.M. ;Yusoff M.Z.M. ;58341062500 ;57196328367 ;57289496900 ;57203824047 ;57298362400 ;57196348984 ;57000504300 ;57216592251 ;57216567842 ;57212147537 ;5719164556359220820800Recent researchers are keen on developing alternative bioplastic materials from renewable and eco-friendly sources to replace the materials obtained from crude oil and other petroleum-based sources. The measures for these replacements have been made continuously to create a sustainable future for the forthcoming generations. Researchers are focusing on bio-based alternatives due to their numerous benefits, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and structural flexibility. The main problem on the current bio-based material such as poly lactic acid, poly butylene succinate and poly L lactide, polyhydroxybuturate, and polyhydroxyalkalonates is the cost of production. Compare with cassava starch, the cost is much cheaper around 0.32 $/kg compare with other bio-based will cost around 1.2-2.4 $/kg. Conversion of biomass into useful materials has been the order of the day, as it reduces the cost of inventory and aims to develop a nature-derived material. The development of nanocomposites from biological sources has progressively experimented with the researchers and the deriving of polysaccharides such as starch, cellulose, and glycogen has aided the development of nanobiocomposites. Corn starch has been the dominant bioplastic material derived out of corn which can handle a variety of reinforcements and render a biocomposite material with better and enhanced properties. Cassava starch is the most economic and cheap polysaccharide derived from the cassava plant and has a greater potential to act as biopolymer material for the development of biocomposites. The development of cassava starch-based biocomposite film was widely used for a wide range of applications mainly for food packaging applications. This review focuses on the extraction, preparation, and properties of cassava starch from cassava plants. The properties of the cassava starch and its composites were also comprehensively dealt with. The development of biocomposite films based on cassava starch for food packaging applications has been reviewed along with the challenges associated with it. � 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston. All rights reserved. - PublicationCommunity Perception, Self-efficacy, and Preparedness Intention on Dam-Failure Flood Risks: A Framework(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023)
;Khanm T. ;Kaman Z.K. ;Husin N.M. ;Samsuddin S.A. ;Ali Z. ;Harun N.H. ;58905466600 ;57191035364 ;55152658600 ;58905466500 ;5890615760057193952925Understanding community members' perceptions is the precondition for community-based disaster risk management. Although abundant research is available in existing literature assessing flood risk preparedness and its predictive perception factors, there is a lack of research assessing such a relationship for community-based dam-failure flood risk management. The study proposed a framework for assessing community members' preparedness intentions for dam-failure flood risk by reviewing existing literature on flood risk management and other disaster risk management and taking into account dominant Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and Person Relative to Event Theory (PrE). The proposed framework will contribute to understanding preparedness intentions for dam-failure flood risk and relevant perception factors. The suggested framework is expected to contribute to pre-hazard community-based dam-failure flood risk management by aiding plan, design, and implementation of its activities such as a risk communication program, community-based awareness, and a training program. The proposed framework includes community perception factors such as worry, perceived risk, perceived self-responsibility, and perceived outcome-efficacy as the independent variables, preparedness intention (PI) as a dependent variable, and perceived self-efficacy as the moderating variable to influence the strength of the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables. � The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023. - PublicationConceptual Frameworks of Real Time Flood Modelling for Improved Community Resilience(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023)
;Burhanuddin M.F. ;Basri H. ;Sidek L.M. ;Zulkhurnain S.A. ;Chua L. ;Irvine K.N. ;Tahir W. ;Khambali M.H.M. ;Majid W.H.A.W.A. ;Ujum E.A. ;58905639100 ;57065823300 ;35070506500 ;58905639200 ;7202399682 ;16211657700 ;42862377800 ;57963750900 ;5719291959936095309500Urbanization contributes to an increase in flood frequency and intensity, which is exacerbated by climate change. This is a phenomenon observed in both developing and industrialized countries, including Malaysia and Thailand. It is possible to lessen the devastation that natural catastrophes cause as a result of climate change by making timely and accurate predictions and being better prepared. In addition, when it comes to the general enhancement of community resilience, the utilization of effective interaction strategies between the society and the relevant agencies is an important part in the success of the endeavor. The objective of this research is to develop a real time flood modelling tool that can be put to use to lessen the likelihood of flood damage, make recommendations about climate adaptation techniques, and improve the capacity of local communities to withstand natural disasters. One case study will be conducted in Malaysia, while the other will be conducted in Thailand. These case studies will demonstrate how the developed model can reduce the impact of flooding. Two aspects of the modelling method contribute to the flexibility and resilience of the whole system which is to greatly reduce the amount of time spent on computational tasks by utilizing cloud computing�and�streamlining the process of capacity growth for relevant agencies. The findings of this study will be incorporated into the formulation of a resiliency index, which will be supported by involvement with the local community and authorities. � The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023. - PublicationCrushing and flexural properties of natural fiber-reinforced concrete(Elsevier, 2023)
;Ilyas R.A. ;Hamid N.H.A. ;Norrrahim M.N.F. ;Jenol M.A. ;Norizani M.N. ;Harussani M.M. ;Azmi A. ;Idris I. ;Asyraf M.R.M. ;Syamsir A. ;Hassan M.Z. ;Aufa A.N. ;Chandrasekar M. ;Huzaifah M.R.M. ;57196328367 ;58973128800 ;55924430000 ;56004659200 ;58973178600 ;57222407685 ;57473743800 ;57208036972 ;57205295733 ;57195320482 ;55189715300 ;57363715400 ;5721011140057195420719In recent years, the development of concrete reinforced with natural fiber has become a trend among researchers due to its attractive and promising properties. The idea of utilizing natural fiber as reinforcing materials in concrete is deemed to be a favorable topic in most developing countries due to the availability of feedstocks. Therefore, extensive studies related to the improvement of natural fiber-reinforced concrete are needed. This chapter is aimed to critically discuss the natural fiber-reinforced concrete�s properties, including crushing and flexural, as well as their enhancement properties. An elaborative application of the enhanced properties of natural fiber-reinforced concrete has also been reviewed. � 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. - PublicationDam Break Analysis of Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) Failures in Cameron Highlands Batang-Padang Hydro-Electric Scheme(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023)
;Sidek L.M. ;Ahmad S.A. ;Basri H. ;Farazuien N. ;Yalit R. ;Zulkhurnain S.A.B. ;35070506500 ;58679834900 ;57065823300 ;58905464300 ;5581231730058905639200The Cameron Highland-Batang Padang Hydro-Electric Scheme (HES) is located between two states which are Pahang and Perak. The Cameron Highland Hydro-Electric Scheme consists of four cascading dams with individual power stations constructed known as Sultan Abu Bakar Dam, Jor Dam, Mahang Dam and Ulu Jelai Dam. Dam break could bring disaster leading to huge property damage and fatalities. The main goal of this project is to develop dam-break modelling utilizing MIKE 11 and MIKE FLOOD 2D for Cameron Highland HES. To show the extent of inundation downstream caused by the flood volumes generated by the dam break scenario, flood hazard maps have also been produced as part of this study�s hydrodynamic modeling results for dam break scenarios of Probable Maximum Flood Failure (PMF) for the respective dams in Cameron Highland HES. It is found that the maximum outflow produced from a PMF dam failure at The Sultan Abu Bakar dam is 1108 m3/s, the�Jor dam is 1901 m3/s, the�Mahang dam is 464 m3/s, and the�Ulu Jelai dam is 55,906 m3/s. The associating inundation extents at the downstream areas resulting from the PMF dam failure�s flood volumes at The Sultan Abu Bakar dam is 1.58 km2, Jor dam is 83.69 km2, Mahang dam is 51.50 km2, and Ulu Jelai dam is 815,379 km2. The simulated dam breach flood depth and expected flood wave arrival times at critical locations obtained from this study are beneficial to the dam operator in preparation for the appropriate emergency action plans during occurrences of extreme events. � The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023. - PublicationDam Safety: Highlighted Issues and Reliable Assessment for the Sustainable Dam Infrastructure(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023)
;Bashar N.A.M. ;Zainol M.R.R.M.A. ;Aziz M.S.A. ;Mazlan A.Z.A. ;Zawawi M.H. ;57191963158 ;58601268100 ;57695648500 ;5721689596239162217600Future dam infrastructures, especially those of older design, are vulnerable to climatic instabilities, natural hazards, flood risks and other internal and external factors. The operated dam should be protected from these factors to ensure continuous water supply, flood control and stable renewable power generation. Efficient management, safe operation, special contingency plans, advanced monitoring tools and techniques, and rehabilitation measures (non-structural and structural) for dams are considered important to achieve the highest safety standards. This comprehensive review provides a broad overview of dam safety under climate change and the implications for dam behaviour, hydraulic flow characteristics and downstream mapping (flood discharge, erosion, sedimentation, environmental, social and economic impacts). Climate change can affect the structural integrity of dams over short and long-term periods. Furthermore, a better understanding of the cause-effect relationship is needed to predict future impacts. Furthermore, this may lead to safety control approaches such as risk assessment, specific monitoring approaches, development of predictive models, modification of the existing dam structure and construction of structural measures. Therefore, the sustainability of dams can be achieved through the holistic involvement of all stakeholders, effective disaster management, continuous monitoring of structures and a comprehensive emergency plan. In addition, special inspections, surveys and regular maintenance are required to minimise risks. Therefore, non-countable and countable measures are needed to advocate for dam sustainability and support the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). � The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023. - PublicationDebris Flow Induced by Heavy Rainfall in Hulu Terengganu: Hydrological and Geological Analysis(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023)
;Ahmad S.A. ;Samad D.H. ;Yusof N.M. ;Sidek L.M. ;Basri H. ;Omar S.M.A. ;Ahmad F. ;Muda Z.C. ;Hafez Ahmed M.A. ;58679834900 ;58905464500 ;58905461900 ;35070506500 ;57065823300 ;57964112400 ;57188874669 ;5581244400058905811200Terengganu is one of the states in Malaysia that will be the most affected by the northeast monsoon which usually happens early in November and lasts until March every year. Continuous heavy rainfall may cause various natural disasters including debris flow. Due to the features of sudden outbursts and high energy density, debris flow has caused a significant number of deaths in several geohazard incidents in Malaysia. In contrast to other types of landslides, almost all debris flows begin on natural topography. The majority of the incident was caused by rain. Intense and severe rainfall raises the water content and pore water pressure inside the remaining soil, potentially causing landslides. Based on a recent event on February 27, 2022, this study will examine the hydrological analysis including rainfall time series and rainfall distribution by using rainfall data from February 23, 2022, until March 1, 2022, along with geological analysis of the upper part of Hulu Terengganu. As a result, heavy and sustained rainfall has proved to become the primary cause of debris flow. � The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023. - PublicationDebris Flow Mapping at Sungai Mandi, Santubong, Sarawak(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023)
;Zarime N.A. ;Bachat J. ;Solemon B. ;Omar R.C. ;Wahab W.A. ;Taher T.M. ;Jaapar A.R. ;Roslan R. ;Aripin F.S. ;Isa A.A.M. ;56593247000 ;57192005245 ;24832320000 ;35753735300 ;56040257700 ;57195257852 ;57361879800 ;57159693200 ;5890615780058074943900Debris flows have always been a major issue in hilly environments. This paper concerns about the debris flow event along Sungai Mandi, Santubong which caused damage to property, buildings and roads at the river mouth. The main objective of this study is to determine the root cause of the debris flow event and to provide a better understanding on the debris flow mechanism and structures at risk at Santubong, Sarawak. A comprehensive assessment on geological, geomorphological, topographical, hydrological conditions and rainfall assessment concerns was conducted, where debris flow hazard factors were identified and assessed. Such hazard factors included the presence of boulder deposits, colluvium, relic landslide, riverbank erosion, boulders accumulated or trapped along river valley that created the temporary natural dams, which can contribute to further debris flow event in future. In addition, kinematic failure analysis was conducted to determine the rockfall failure potential as well as aerial photo interpretation on lineament and relic landslide. The interpretations and assessment would allow the results to be used to produce the debris flow risk map (buffer and danger zones) and debris flow anatomy zones. Furthermore, these assessments are critical for making judgements when evaluating the debris flow mechanism that could affect the tourism activities at Santubong Peninsula. � The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023. - PublicationDebris Flow Simulation for Dam Safety Assessment in Malaysia(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023)
;Wahab W.A. ;Aripin M.F.S.M. ;Jaapar A.R. ;Omar R.C. ;Isa A.A.M. ;Ali A. ;Zakaria M.S. ;Roslan R. ;Taher T.M. ;56040257700 ;58905464800 ;57361879800 ;35753735300 ;58074943900 ;57200962128 ;58906505800 ;5715969320057195257852Debris and mud floods are the last stages in the overall debris flow process. This event occurred in multiple catchments around Gunung Jerai on the 18th of August 2023, leading to flooding�in several parts of the Yan District�which situated to the west of Gunung Jerai. The debris flow disasters in Seri Perigi Catchment, Titi Hayun Catchment, and Batu Hampar Catchment show the consequences of natural temporary dam breaches resulting from two geomorphological setting: temporary landslide dams and narrow river mouth due to topography. This study used modelling and simulation�techniques to compute the debris flow�s volume, velocity, momentum, and pressure resulting from the geological disaster. Debris flow simulation�revealed a total volume of 64,364.69 m3 debris was recorded in the Seri Perigi Catchment area, 642,596.60 m3 total volume in the Titi Hayun Catchment, and 595,632.89 m3 total volume of debris flow in the Batu Hampar Catchment. The average velocity of this debris flow is between 12.90�m/s and 18.75�m/s with an average momentum between 20.96 kgm/s and 109.07 kgm/s. The field mapping, modelling, and simulation outcomes indicate significant geological events related to debris flow occur�in Seri Perigi Catchment, Titi Hayun Catchment, and Batu Hampar Catchment. In contrast, other catchments faced comparatively minor debris flow or extreme water surge phenomena. With these simulations, it is possible to assess the potential future risks of geological disasters caused by debris flow and pinpoint the optimal location for the Sabo Dam. This information can greatly assist local authorities in devising and implementing both structural and non-structural mitigation plans. � The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023. - PublicationDeveloping NARX Neural Networks for Accurate Water Level Forecasting(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023)
;Basri H. ;Razak M.A. ;Sidek L.M. ;57065823300 ;5890598240035070506500A reliable model for predicting fluctuations in water levels in the reservoir is essential for effective planning to manage the potential risks of flooding. A nonlinear autoregressive network with exogenous inputs (NARX) model is proposed to predict the water level of the Temengor Reservoir, Perak in Malaysia. The hyper-parameters of the proposed model have been optimized to enhance the accuracy of the proposed model while the Levenberg-Marquardt method was used to train the model. The NARX algorithm is capable of accurately predicting water levels with a high degree of accuracy. The use of the such technique for water level monitoring can be beneficial in the design of mitigation strategies for future flooding events, as it provides a critical parameter for gauging the potential severity of a flooding event. By understanding the changes in water level, emergency management teams can better prepare for and respond to floods, helping to minimize the damage and destruction they can cause. � The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023. - PublicationDurability Study of Malaysia Rock Mass for Tunnelling Construction(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023)
;Zarime N.A. ;Solemon B. ;Omar R.C. ;Wahab W.A. ;Mohd Taher T. ;Roslan R. ;Baharuddin I.N.Z. ;Abdullah R.A. ;Vigneswaran V. ;Isa A.A.A. ;56593247000 ;24832320000 ;35753735300 ;56040257700 ;57222361267 ;57159693200 ;55812431300 ;36499052600 ;5890667870058074943900The weathering, faults, shear zones, and thrust zones that have formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks in Malaysia make the compressive strengths less than 50�MPa. These factors make the development of rock energy tunnels in Malaysia a complex process. Malaysia�s rapid expansion and population growth have led to the development of numerous infrastructure and amenities, including tunnel projects to facilitate the network system and increase traffic flow. Engineering considerations such as the behavior and strength of rock mass must be considered when planning for the safe and affordable building of tunnels. Tunnel excavation and support systems should be designed accordingly. It is crucial to prevent ground collapse, which could cause the loss of life and property. Hence, the primary aim of this investigation is to evaluate the strength and durability of Malaysian rock masses intended for tunnelling applications through the utilization of Rebound Hammer and slake durability tests. The results of the current study showed that the worse weathering grades for Granite rock and Schist-Phyllite (metamorphic rock) were II and II/III respectively, with all rocks suitable with durability classification of longer span. The results showed that the Schist-Phyllite rock samples also had extremely high durability strengths, while Granite 1�6 had very high durability strengths. This study also concludes the most suitable place for each rock type's particular mass based on its durability. � The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023. - PublicationDynamic Compression Simulation of Magnetorheological Elastomer Using Bouc-Wen Hysteretic Model(Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2023)
;Jaafar M.F. ;Mustapha F. ;Mustapha M. ;37018112700 ;903839200036096024800This paper explores the versatility of the Bouc-Wen hysteresis model in simulating the dynamic behaviour of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) material. The Bouc-Wen model has been used in many fields of science including modelling the hysteresis phenomenon that happens in magnetic material, elastomer, base isolation of structures and many more. Introduced by Robert Bouc, this nonlinear hysteretic model has been modified by many researchers to suit different applications. Compression testing of MRE material under high strain amplitude produces a nonlinear hysteresiscurve based on stress-strain data. Bouc-Wen hysteretic model can simulate the hysteresis curve of MRE material using the parameter identification method within MATLAB Simulink. This work has shown that the seven Bouc-Wen parameters can be optimized using the parameter identification method and it is found that the model can predict the output force with a residual of less than 18%. � 2023 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.
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