DSpace Cris Angular :: Browsing by Subject "% reductions"

Browsing by Subject "% reductions"

Now showing 1 - 18 of 18

Catalytic innovations: Improving wastewater treatment and hydrogen generation technologies
(Academic Press, 2024)
Khan M.S.J.
;
Mohd Sidek L.
;
Kamal T.
;
Khan S.B.
;
Basri H.
;
Zawawi M.H.
;
Ahmed A.N.
;
57214778682
;
58617132200
;
56816636300
;
36059229400
;
57065823300
;
39162217600
;
57214837520
The effective reduction of hazardous organic pollutants in wastewater is a pressing global concern, necessitating the development of advanced treatment technologies. Pollutants such as nitrophenols and dyes, which pose significant risks to both human and aquatic health, making their reduction particularly crucial. Despite the existence of various methods to eliminate these pollutants, they are not without limitations. The utilization of nanomaterials as catalysts for chemical reduction exhibits a promising alternative owing to their distinguished catalytic activity and substantial surface area. For catalytically reducing the pollutants NaBH4 has been utilized as a useful source for it because it reduces the pollutants quiet efficiently and it also releases hydrogen gas as well which can be used as a source of energy. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent research on different types of nanomaterials that function as catalysts to reduce organic pollutants and also generating hydrogen from NaBH4 methanolysis while also evaluating the positive and negative aspects of nanocatalyst. Additionally, this paper examines the features effecting the process and the mechanism of catalysis. The comparison of different catalysts is based on size of catalyst, reaction time, rate of reaction, hydrogen generation rate, activation energy, and durability. The information obtained from this paper can be used to steer the development of new catalysts for reducing organic pollutants and generation hydrogen by NaBH4 methanolysis. ? 2024 Elsevier Ltd
1
Design, fabrication, and physical properties analysis of laminated Low-E coated glass for retrofit window solutions
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024)
Nur-E-Alam M.
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Vasiliev M.
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Yap B.K.
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Islam M.A.
;
Fouad Y.
;
Kiong T.S.
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57197752581
;
16053621100
;
26649255900
;
57657507100
;
6603123645
;
57216824752
The ever-growing demand for improved energy efficiency in buildings has stimulated a stream of research focused on innovative retrofit energy solutions. Laminated low emissivity (Low-E) type coated glass components can be used in retrofitting window systems for enhancing energy savings provided by the insulating properties of glass laminates containing these heat-mirror-type coatings. In particular, custom-designed double-silver low-E coatings embedded into the laminate structure (directly facing the polymer interlayers during and after the lamination) are of interest due to being protected from environmental exposure, enabling easy component transportation, storage, and window retrofits. In this study, we provide some details on the design of several reflector-type solar control low-E coatings of high environmental stability and demonstrate the feasibility of their fabrication on 3 mm thick glass substrates, followed by the lamination. We describe the optical properties of laminated structural glass components of potential usefulness for retrofitting window applications in new and existing buildings. Several thin-film coatings of a low-E type are deposited by using the RF magnetron sputtering technique and then subjected to lamination by using transparent epoxy and PVB materials, to be protected by a clear glass cover layer. The optical performance characteristics of these coatings (measured before and after lamination) elucidate the effects these lamination materials and cover glass thickness have on the final optical properties (leading to a slight reduction in the optical transmission in the visible spectral range, by around 8?10 % while retaining low thermal emissivity across the infrared spectral range). The outcomes of this research, if industrialized could contribute significantly to the development of sustainable building components and practices, and to acheiving a reduction in building energy consumption by way of enabling window retrofit operations at potentially reduced costs. ? 2024 The Author(s)
3
Durability and ecological assessment of low-carbon high-strength concrete with short AR-glass fibers: Effects of high-volume of solid waste materials
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024)
Tahwia A.M.
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Elmansy A.K.
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Abdellatief M.
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Elrahman M.A.
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57202774216
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59007050900
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57855303900
;
56094362500
The goal of this research is to improve the mechanical characteristics and durability of concrete while adhering to green and sustainable development principles. Portland cement (PC) was replaced with ceramic waste powder (CWP), glass powder (GP), and granite waste powder (GWP) to create the low-carbon, high-strength concrete (HSC). These materials were incorporated at 0?50% as a partial replacement of PC. The short alkali-resistant (AR-) glass fiber content was added by 1.0% of the PC content. The changes in strength, microstructure, pore structure, as well as ecological assessment of HSCs was investigated. Various experiments on the durability properties and elevated temperature resistance of HSC were performed. The experimental results show that mechanical properties of HSC with 10%GP and 20%GWP were maximally enhanced at 28d, while the mechanical properties of HSC with 50% of all wastes are decreased. It was found also that HSC containing CWP showed significant reductions in carbonation depth (up to 65.89% lower than the control mixture), especially at higher replacement levels. Furthermore, the increment in substitution level of CWP has found an increment in pore volume, resulting in a reduction in preliminary strength performance. It was observed that a 50% substitution level of GP and GWP reduced the water penetration depth by 47.71% and 65.7% compared to the control mixture, respectively. The residual strength after 600 �C exposure for 10%CWP, 10% GP, and 20% GWP retained about 34.10%, 32.32%, and 43.29%, respectively, from their original strength. XRD tests and SEM micrographs showed that adding 10%GP and 20%GWP improve the hydration reactions. Finally, environmental assessments revealed that incorporating CWP, GP, and GWP into HSC led to reduced costs, energy consumption, and carbon footprint. ? 2024 Elsevier Ltd
3
Effect of sugar palm fibers on the properties of blended wheat starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) -based biocomposite films
(Elsevier Editora Ltda, 2023)
Mohammed A.A.B.A.
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Hasan Z.
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Borhana Omran A.A.
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Elfaghi A.M.
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Ali Y.H.
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Akeel N.A.A.
;
Ilyas R.A.
;
Sapuan S.M.
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57221522906
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36240521500
;
58155184500
;
36026821800
;
56225555300
;
57370051400
;
57196328367
;
35230794000
Sugar palm fiber has been added to reinforce starch, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based film. The effect of reinforcement on different properties has been studied. It has been found that reinforcing plasticized starch/PVA matrix with palm fibers has considerably enhanced physical properties, the density of the polymer declined to 1.21 g/cm� with untreated fibers and to 1.32 g/cm� with treated fibers, which created a lighter weight bioplastic, and a reduction occurred in water absorption (for example 3% of treated fiber showed 143% absorbed water after 30 min immersing in water) and water solubility. When compared to the films without fibers filler, films reinforced with fibers demonstrated a c3onsiderable improvement in the crystal profile
40
An efficient wastewater treatment through reduction of organic dyes using Ag nanoparticles supported on cellulose gum beads
(Elsevier B.V., 2024)
Khan M.S.J.
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Sidek L.M.
;
Kamal T.
;
Asiri A.M.
;
Khan S.B.
;
Basri H.
;
Zawawi M.H.
;
Ahmed A.N.
;
57214778682
;
35070506500
;
56816636300
;
6701506021
;
36059229400
;
57065823300
;
39162217600
;
57214837520
This work reports silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) supported on biopolymer carboxymethyl cellulose beads (Ag-CMC) serves as an efficient catalyst in the reduction process of p-nitrophenol (p-NP) and methyl orange (MO). For Ag-CMC synthesis, first CMC beads were prepared by crosslinking the CMC solution in aluminium nitrate solution and then the CMC beads were introduced into AgNO3 solution to adsorb Ag ions. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis suggests the uniform distribution of Ag nanoparticles on the CMC beads. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the metallic and fcc planes of AgNPs, respectively, in the Ag-CMC catalyst. The Ag-CMC catalyst exhibits remarkable reduction activity for the p-NP and MO dyes with the highest rate constant (kapp) of a chemical reaction is 0.519 and 0.697 min?1, respectively. Comparative reduction studies of Ag-CMC with CMC, Fe-CMC and Co-CMC disclosed that Ag-CMC containing AgNPs is an important factore in reducing the organic pollutants like p-NP and MO dyes. During the recyclability tests, the Ag-CMC also maintained high reduction activity, which suggests that CMC protects the AgNPs from leaching during dye reduction reactions. ? 2023 Elsevier B.V.
2
Evaluation of high-volume fly-ash cementitious binders incorporating nanosilica as eco-friendly sustainable concrete repair materials
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024)
Huseien G.F.
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Tang W.
;
Yu Y.
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Wong L.S.
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Mirza J.
;
Dong K.
;
Gu X.
;
56814956200
;
24802547200
;
56430081600
;
55504782500
;
7004501946
;
26641752100
;
57204071619
Nowadays, the use of environmentally friendly, long-lasting building materials with minimal energy and carbon dioxide emissions are highly recommended. Some of these materials can be made from industrial and agricultural wastes. By replacing ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with large volume of fly ash waste (FA), environmental issues associated with landfill disposal and cement manufacture can be mitigated. Nonetheless, using a high amount of FA (up to 50 %) to replace cement resulted in poor strength performance, particularly during early age. This experimental study created an increased strength cement mortar containing a high volume of FA (60 %) and bottle glass waste nanoparticles (BGWNPs). In this experiment BGWNPs were prepared and 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 vol% of them were used as a replacement of OPC-FA binder. According to the results, by adding 0?6 % of BGWNPs to a high-volume FA matrix considerably increased the bond strength (from 12.5 % to 39.1 %). On the other hand, the findings revealed that the addition of nanoparticles (up to 6 %) caused a modest reduction in strength values. Other engineering and microstructure properties showed a similar pattern. The matrix with 6 % BGWNPs displayed the best performance when compared to other levels. The results also showed that replacing OPC by high volume FA incorporating BGWNPs significantly improved the durability of proposed mortar, such as reduction in drying shrinkage and increased acid attack and abrasion resistance. Related to the environment benefits, the proposed mortars contributed in a reduction of carbon dioxide emission, energy consumption and cost of binder by 61.9 %, 54.3 % and 50.6 % compared to OPC, respectively. To conclude, the use of BGWNPs make it possible to produce high volumes of FA-based cement mortars with acceptable mechanical and durable properties for concrete repair applications in the construction industry. Additionally, sustainability can be attained by lowering pollution, recycling waste, and finding solutions to landfill problems. ? 2024 Elsevier Ltd
2
Heat mitigation in basal compacted clay liners in municipal solid waste landfills
(Springer, 2024)
Jayawardane V.
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Anggraini V.
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Tran M.-V.
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Mirzababaei M.
;
Syamsir A.
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57219390358
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35072537800
;
56539359800
;
35076385800
;
57195320482
In municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills, biodegradation of the organic MSW fraction results in elevated waste and basal liner temperatures which have the potential to cause the clay component of the basal liner to experience severe moisture loss over time and eventually undergo desiccation cracking. Cracking of the basal liner?s clay component would result in an uncontrolled release of contaminants into the surrounding environment and ultimately give rise to a variety of major environmental concerns. Accordingly, this study examined the variation of temperature-moisture profiles along the depth of a compacted clay liner (CCL) exposed to different constant elevated waste temperatures (CETs) in the absence and presence of two heat reduction techniques, respectively. Rockwool insulation layers with varying thicknesses and galvanized steel cooling pipes with varying flowrates were introduced separately as the two heat reduction techniques. Introduction of both techniques led to a significant attenuation of the temperature rise and desiccation experienced by the CCL in the face of different CETs. An increase in rockwool thickness increments led to a progressive reduction of CCL temperature, while an increase in flow rate under turbulent condition did not have a significant influence on the temperature and desiccation reduction of the CCL. Nevertheless, the present study certainly highlights the potential of the two proposed heat reduction techniques to minimize desiccation and consequently increase the service life of CCLs exposed to different elevated temperatures in MSW landfills. ? The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
3
Investigating the effects of variable pulse charging on temperature during charging of battery electric vehicles
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024)
Oruganti K.S.P.
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Vaithilingam C.A.
;
Ramasamy A.
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57209333413
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24831942700
;
16023154400
This study investigates the efficacy of variable pulse charging (VPC) on charging 18,650 secondary battery packs (12 V, 20 Ah) with NMC chemistry. VPC, a modern technique applied to secondary battery charging, aims to mitigate effects like a thermal runaway and thermal propagation caused by increased charging temperature. VPC involves varied duty factors (10 % to 90 %), charging rates (0.5C, 1C, 1.5C), and an optimal switching frequency determined through frequency response analysis. Its digital model is based on in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements and MATLAB/Simulink simulations. At charging rates of 0.5C (10 A), 1C (20 A), and 1.5C (30 A), the temperature of the battery pack reaches 42.46 �C, 57.87 �C, and 70.37 �C, respectively. However, implementing VPC at a 50 % duty factor yields temperature reductions of 3.66 �C, 5.06 �C, and 5.42 �C, respectively. Similarly, employing VPC at a 10 % duty cycle results in temperature reductions of 11.2 �C, 17.7 �C, and 19.1 �C, respectively. The results indicate a significant reduction in charging temperature compared to constant current charging. Furthermore, the 1C condition is validated using a custom-made dual active bridge DC-DC variable pulse charger. In conclusion, applying optimal frequency-based VPC with specific duty factors demonstrates the potential to reduce temperature elevation during battery pack charging significantly. ? 2024 Elsevier Ltd
3
Machine learning based-model to predict catalytic performance on removal of hazardous nitrophenols and azo dyes pollutants from wastewater
(Elsevier B.V., 2024)
Khan M.S.J.
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Sidek L.M.
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Kumar P.
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Alkhadher S.A.A.
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Basri H.
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Zawawi M.H.
;
El-Shafie A.
;
Ahmed A.N.
;
57214778682
;
35070506500
;
57206939156
;
56405495700
;
57065823300
;
39162217600
;
16068189400
;
57214837520
To maintain human health and purity of drinking water, it is crucial to eliminate harmful chemicals such as nitrophenols and azo dyes, considering their natural presence in the surroundings. In this particular research study, the application of machine learning techniques was employed in order to make an estimation of the performance of reduction catalysis in the context of ecologically detrimental nitrophenols and azo dyes contaminants. The catalyst utilized in the experiment was Ag@CMC, which proved to be highly effective in eliminating various contaminants found in water, like 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The experiments were carefully conducted at various time intervals, and the machine learning procedures used in this study were all employed to forecast catalytic performance. The evaluation of the performance of such algorithms were done by means of Mean Absolute Error. The noteworthy findings of this research indicated that the ADAM and LSTM algorithm exhibited the most favourable performance in the case of toxic compounds i.e. 4-NP. Moreover, the Ag@CMC catalyst demonstrated an impressive reduction efficiency of 98 % against nitrophenol in just 8 min. Thus, based on these compelling results, it can be concluded that Ag@CMC works as a highly effective catalyst for practical applications in real-world scenarios. ? 2024 Elsevier B.V.
4
Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Lignocellulosic Fiber-Reinforced Biopolymer Green Composites: A Review
(Korean Fiber Society, 2023)
Asyraf M.R.M.
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Syamsir A.
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Ishak M.R.
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Sapuan S.M.
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Nurazzi N.M.
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Norrrahim M.N.F.
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Ilyas R.A.
;
Khan T.
;
Rashid M.Z.A.
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57205295733
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57195320482
;
36809587400
;
35230794000
;
55899483400
;
55924430000
;
57196328367
;
57201669584
;
57221960339
Sustainability has been a global awareness due to the serious reduction of synthetic materials, especially petroleum. Many sectors and researchers have shifted toward lignocellulosic fibers from biomass wastes to replace synthetic fibers and reinforced bio-based polymer composites. The shift in composite landscape toward green composites is due to their availability, low carbon emission, and biodegradability. Generally, green composites can be hybridized with various lignocellulosic fibers and they have high potential in the civil and automotive fields due to their mechanical performance. Nevertheless, research has found that they have inappropriate matches for the unique material attributes of green composites even though many studies have covered this topic. Studies on the mechanical performance of hybrid natural fibers green composites are still very limited. Overall, there are various mechanical properties of hybrid lignocellulosic fibers depending on their physical properties, orientation and sequence, treatments, polymers, and fabrication methods. From these considerations, a series of matching application properties are explained: these include structural applications for many industries. Thus, this review article establishes critical discussions on the mechanical properties of hybrid natural fibers reinforced biopolymer green composites. Some studies have identified the research gaps and deduced that the potential applications of hybrid green composites have not been explored. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the Korean Fiber Society.
22
Novel gamma-ray enhanced TiO2 nanoparticles photoanode for efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting
(Elsevier B.V., 2024)
Aida Mohamed N.
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Sieh Kiong T.
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Fazli Ismail A.
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Asri Mat Teridi M.
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57201821340
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15128307800
;
29067828200
;
57189470988
The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) for Hydrogen Evolution Reduction (HER) was significantly enhanced through a multi-step process involving oxygen-doping with ?-ray irradiation treatment (ranging from 10 kGy to 100 kGy), methanolic dispersion, and post-annealing temperatures. Remarkably, ? rays induced oxygen-doping, leading to improved electronic properties and chemical bonding, as demonstrated in the XPS section, which ultimately contributed to the exceptional stability of the photoanode. The resulting higher crystallinity and larger crystallite sizes, evident in Raman and XRD spectra, further enhanced the structure of the TiO2NPs. Upon ? irradiation, the deposited TiO2NPs exhibited enlargement and agglomeration, which promoted enhanced surface area, catalytic sites, and light absorption when used as a photoanode in PEC cells. The post-irradiation conditions caused a reduction in the energy band gap, resulting in a quenching effect from 3.25 eV to 3.18 eV. Intriguingly, PL analysis showed that the radiated photoanode displayed a remarkable reduction in the energetic separation of photo-generated electron-hole pairs, accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in carrier recombination. Overall, the 70 kGy TiO2NP photoanode demonstrated exceptional photostability and significantly outperformed the pure TiO2NP counterpart by increasing the photocurrent density by over 300%, reaching approximately 100.12 ?A cm?2 at 1.23 vs. RHE, compared to 36.42 ?A cm?2 for the pure TiO2NP. These findings underscore the significance of gamma irradiation in the field of nanomaterials and its promising potential for photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar water splitting applications. ? 2023 Elsevier B.V.
3
Optimization of novel two-step curing method for die stack epoxy bonding to reduce voids in Ball Grid Array packages for high-density interconnect applications
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024)
Ng Q.Q.
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Tan C.Y.
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Wong Y.H.
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Yap B.K.
;
Yusof F.B.
;
Saher S.
;
59185580100
;
16029485400
;
36605495300
;
26649255900
;
36706857100
;
36134688200
This research explores the optimization of epoxy curing parameters to minimize void formation in 3-IC-Chip-MAPBGA packages, a subset of BGA packages, crucial components in high-density interconnect applications. The study utilizes a systematic approach involving design of experiments (DOE) assisted by statistical JMP tool to manipulate curing profiles, aiming to achieve void reduction while preserving adhesion properties. Various analytical techniques, including X-ray imaging, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), die shear strength tests, and C-Sam analysis for delamination, are employed to analyze void formation, material characteristics, mechanical properties, and structural integrity. The findings demonstrate that the sample with a 2nd step curing profile, identified as sample#3, which includes a ramp time of 15 min, a 1st step curing temperature of 90 �C with a soak time of 20 min, and a 2nd step ramp time of 20 min, exhibits the most favourable outcome in void reduction. This sample shows a notably lower void presence of 3.66 % and the highest die shear strength of 126 MPa. In contrast, the control sample, serving as a reference, displays a void percentage of 7.28 %, nearly twice as high as that of sample#3, and much lower die shear strength of 80 MPa at 25 �C. Adopting the curing profile of sample#3 also leads to a substantial 18.75 % reduction in cycle time compared to the control sample. The study highlights the importance of balancing curing parameters to mitigate void formation and maintain optimal mechanical properties, offering valuable insights for improving the reliability of high-density interconnect applications. ? 2024 Elsevier Ltd
2
Physical and Chemical Investigation of TiO2Nanotubes Treated with Isopropyl Triisostearoyl Titanate (KR-TTS)
(Hindawi Limited, 2023)
Sabri B.A.
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Satgunam M.
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Manap A.
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Gnanasagaran C.L.
;
Ramachandran K.
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57221737520
;
48561725600
;
57200642155
;
57927748800
;
57222623565
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of isopropyl triisostearoyl titanate (KR-TTS) as a titanate coupling agent (TCA) on surface modification of TiO2 nanotube (TNT) material. From the physical and chemical studies that have been performed on the modified TiO2 nanotube, scanning electron microscope micrographs, energy-dispersive X-ray and viscosity indicated that there was significant reduction in particle aggregation of the modified TiO2 Nanotube. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that the functional group of the TCA reacted with the hydroxyl groups present on the surface of TiO2 nanotube resulting in an altered surface property from being hydrophilic to hydrophobic. X-ray diffraction indicated that crystalline structure did not change upon the modification with the coupling agent. Isopropyl triisostearoyl titanate (KR-TTS) is found to be superior in performance and has a significant effect on the dispersion and resolving of agglomeration. This paper presents the effect of surface modification with the TCA of isopropyl triisostearoyl titanate (KR-TTS) type on the TiO2 nanotube material. � 2023 Ban Ali Sabri et al.
7
Renewable energy, carbon footprints, natural resources depletion and economic growth in Africa
(Emerald Publishing, 2024)
Osabohien R.
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Zogbass� S.
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Jaaffar A.H.
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Idowu O.O.
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Al-Faryan M.A.S.
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57201922189
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58054739700
;
58897806500
;
57224086522
;
57219595796
Purpose: This study aims to examine the interplay between renewable energy consumption, carbon footprints, natural resources depletion and economic growth. Design/methodology/approach: It engaged 45 African countries using the generalized method of moments (GMM) approach. Data from the World Development Indicators for the period 2000?2023 are used to analyse the relationships among these variables. Findings: The result indicates a positive and significant effect of greenhouse gas emissions on economic growth in all regions of Africa, except for Southern Africa. Regarding the depletion of natural resources, the authors observe a dominant negative effect on economic growth. Thus, an increase in the depletion of natural resources contributes to the reduction of economic growth in most regions of Africa, notably West Africa, East Africa and sub-Saharan Africa as a whole. Moreover, the depletion of natural resources can also have negative social impacts, such as conflicts over access to remaining resources, which can indirectly influence economic stability and growth. Originality/value: This study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence of the positive effects of renewable energy consumption on carbon footprints, natural resource depletion and economic growth. By quantifying these relationships, the study offers valuable insights into the potential of renewable energy to address pressing environmental and economic challenges. ? 2024, Emerald Publishing Limited.
2
Social Acceptance and Preference of EV Users - A Review
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023)
Ramachandaramurthy V.K.
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Ajmal A.M.
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Kasinathan P.
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Tan K.M.
;
Yong J.Y.
;
Vinoth R.
;
6602912020
;
57217176335
;
57194393495
;
56119108600
;
56119339200
;
57365358000
Electric vehicles (EVs) are drawing increasing attention, given the volatile fuel prices and impending reduction in fuel supplies. EVs are also preferred in the automotive industry as they reduce the environmental impact and fuel consumption while achieving a higher efficiency when compared to internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). Although most of energy and environmental policies worldwide have set targets with the goal to shift from classic fossil fuel driven vehicles to electrified transport, the share of EVs is still rather low. The complexity of changing the human perception of transportation goes beyond technical and economic aspects and very few research activities managed to capture the additional factors. This paper presents a comprehensive review of studies on consumer preferences for EV, aiming to better inform policy-makers and give direction to further research. In addition, this paper discusses the main obstacles that limit the social acceptance in adopting EVs such as driving obstacles, charging obstacles and willingness-to-pay from consumers. Furthermore, mitigation strategies are outlined as the recommendation to promote a better EV deployment. � 2013 IEEE.
11
Stormwater characterisation and modelling for Sungai Air Hitam in Selangor, Malaysia using model for urban stormwater improvement conceptualisation (music)
(Elsevier B.V., 2024)
Idros N.
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Sidek L.M.
;
Rahim N.A.A.M.
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Noh N.M.
;
Abdelkader A.M.
;
Mohiyaden H.A.
;
Basri H.
;
Zawawi M.H.B.
;
Ahmed A.N.
;
56682034400
;
35070506500
;
58939980900
;
57205236493
;
57858047400
;
56780374500
;
57065823300
;
39162217600
;
57214837520
The aim of this study is to evaluate the current water quality status of one of the urban rivers in Malaysia, called Sungai Air Hitam. The river's water supply is not only unsuitable for the inhabitants but also hazardous to the aquatic species that depend on it. In order to simulate the water quality formulation of the river, the Model for Urban Stormwater Improvement Conceptualization (MUSIC) was used. The effects of various best management practices (BMPs) components have been examined to improve the river's water quality. This study also investigated different scenarios of the expected future changes in the land cover and the quality of the river. As the proportion of impervious surfaces increases, the urban hydrology cycle can be significantly altered, resulting in an increase in volumes and peak flows, and a decrease in storage, infiltration, and interception. The MUSIC results have shown significant reductions in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) after introducing BMPs. It was also noticed that the prediction of pollutants falls within the acceptable range set by the Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (MSMA) 2nd edition. For the land cover, it was found that the total reduction of BOD, TSS, TP, and TN for existing land use is 92.5 %, 94.5 %, 90.7 % and 91.9 %. Meanwhile, the total reduction in future land use is 81.6 % for BOD, 86.2 % for TSS, 80.9 % for TP and 80.8 % for TN. From the simulation results, it was observed that the application of BMPs has successfully reduced the observed mean BOD concentration from 92.38 mg/L (Class V) to 6.93 mg/L (Class IV) of the national water quality standards, NWQS, water quality index. As a result, the water quality index of the overall catchment has improved from Class IV to Class III (WQ1, WQ3, and WQ4) and from Class V to IV (WQ2) with the application of the BMPs. This assessment aims to raise awareness within the Sungai Air Hitam community regarding the importance of preserving river cleanliness and understanding the long-term environmental impact of water quality. These findings underscore the importance of an integrated system in managing urban water systems, which can offer valuable insight to the decision-makers. ? 2024 The Author(s)
1
Synergistic Effect of Allium-like Ni9S8 & Cu7S4 Electrodeposited on Nickel Foam for Enhanced Water Splitting Activity
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2024)
Mottakin M.
;
Selvanathan V.
;
Ariful Islam M.
;
Almohamadi H.
;
Alharthi N.H.
;
Yoshimura S.
;
Akhtaruzzaman M.
;
57195305487
;
57160057200
;
57361246600
;
57196063818
;
55942800300
;
7201663524
;
57195441001
This study explores a water-splitting activity using a biphasic electrodeposited electrode on nickel foam (NF). The *Ni9S8/Cu7S4/NF electrode with citric acid reduction exhibits superior OER (oxygen evolution reaction) and HER (hydrogen evolution reaction) performance with reduced overpotential and a steeper Tafel slope. The *Ni9S8/Cu7S4/NF electrode displays the ultra-low overpotential value of 212 mV for OER and 109 mV for HER at the current density of 10 mA cm?2. The Tafel slope of 25.4 mV dec?1 for OER and 108 mV dec?1 for HER was found from that electrode. The maximum electrochemical surface area (ECSA), lowest series resistance and lowest charge transfer resistance are found in citric acid reduced electrode, showing increased electrical conductivity and quick charge transfer kinetics. Remarkably, the *Ni9S8/Cu7S4/NF electrode demonstrated excellent stability for 80 hours in pure water splitting and 20 hours in seawater splitting. The synergistic effect of using bimetallic (Cu&Ni) sulfide and enhanced electrical conductivity of the electrode are caused by reduction of metal sulfide into metallic species resulting in improved water splitting performance. ? 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
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Towards lowering computational power in IoT systems: Clustering algorithm for high-dimensional data stream using entropy window reduction
(Elsevier B.V., 2023)
Alkawsi G.
;
Al-amri R.
;
Baashar Y.
;
Ghorashi S.
;
Alabdulkreem E.
;
Kiong Tiong S.
;
57191982354
;
57224896623
;
56768090200
;
57219241229
;
55320872600
;
57219799117
In a world of connectivity empowered by the advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT), an infinite number of data streams have emerged. Thus, data stream clustering is crucial for extracting hidden knowledge and data mining. Various data stream clustering methods have lately been introduced. Yet, the majority of such algorithms are affected by the curse of high dimensionality. Lately, a fully online buffer-based clustering algorithm for handling evolving data streams (BOCEDS) was developed. Similarly to other existing density-based clustering methods, BOCEDS is not capable of handling high-dimensional data and has high computational power and high memory utilization. This paper introduces an Entropy Window Reduction (EWR) algorithm, which is an improved version of the BOCEDS technique. EWR is a fully online clustering technique for handling high-dimensional data streams using feature ranking and sorting. This process is accomplished by calculating the entropy of specific features with respect to the time window. The findings of the experiments are compared to the outcomes of BOCEDS, CEDAS, and MuDi-Stream algorithms. The outcomes indicate that the EWR algorithm outperformed the baseline clustering algorithms. The results are demonstrated using the KDDCup�99 dataset in terms of quality and complexity evaluation on the average of F-Measures, Jaccard Index, Fowlkes�Mallows index, Purity, and Rand Index as well as the memory usage and computational power with 88%, 66%, 81%, 100%, and 66%, respectively. The results also show low memory usage and computing power in comparison with the baseline algorithms. � 2023 THE AUTHORS
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